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ʻO Polenekia ai ʻole Polenesia (penikī: Polynesia, mai ka Helene πολύς polys "nui" and Greek: νῆσος nēsos "moku") (ʻŌlelo Tonga: Faka-Polinisia; Māoli: Porinihia; ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi: Polenekia ai ʻole Polenesia; ʻŌlelo Piti: Kai-Polinesia; ʻŌlelo Haʻamoa: Polenisia; Māoli Kuki ʻAilani: Porinetia) he kūlana o Oceania, me he nui aʻe a 1,000 mau mokupuni ma loko ka Moana Pakipika waena a hema. He Kānaka Polenekia nā kānaka ʻōiwi o Polenekia. He mau mea like ma kou lākou mau ʻōlelo, nā nohona like ʻole, a me nā piliwi kahiko. I ka wā kahiko, ua loaʻa lākou i he ʻano nohona holomoana, a ka hoʻohana ana i nā hōkū no ka holomoana i ka pō. ʻO Nūkilani (Aotearoa) ke aupuni nui loa ma Polenekia.
Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka inoa o Polynésie ma 1756 e ka haku liwele Farani ʻo Charles de Brosses, i kapa inoa kahiko nō nā mokupuni a pau o ka Pakipika. Ma 1831, ua wehewehe hou ʻo Jules DUmont dʻUrville ma kekahi hālāwai ma ka ʻAhahui Hōʻike Honua o Palisa. I ka wā kahiko, ua kapa pū nā mokupuni o ka Pakipika Hema nā Moku Kai Hema, a he mau Kānaka Moku Kai Hema kō kona mau kānaka ʻōiwi. Ua hui pū nā mokupuni o Hawaiʻi me nā Moku Kai Hema, nō kona ʻano kokoke i nā moku Pakipika hema, koe wale ka mea kūʻiʻo, aia ʻo Hawaiʻi ma ka Pakipika ʻĀkau. Hoʻokahi inoa aʻe, i hōʻalo nā manaʻo hewa, ʻo "Ka Huinakolu Polenekia". Hiki ʻoe ke maopopo aia ʻo Hawaiʻi ma loko o Polenekia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka "huinakolu."
He honua liʻiliʻi kō Polenekia ma he wahi pana moana nui loa i loko o ka Pakipika waena a hema. He akahi a 300,000 a 310,000 mau km² (117,000 a 118,000 mi²) o ka honua, me ka hapanui (270,000 km²) ma Aotearoa. ʻO Hawaiʻi ka hapanui o ka hapa aʻe.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā mokupuni a nā paemoku Polenekia, ʻo Hawaiʻi a me Haʻamoa pū, he mau moku luapele i hānau mai nā luapele moana. He ʻāpana wale nā wahi pana ʻē aʻe ma Polenekia — Aotearoa, Moku Norefoka, a me Ouvéa, ka ʻāina Polenekia ʻē, kokoke iā Nū Kaledonia - o kekahi ʻāinapuniʻole palemo o Kīlania (penikī: Zealandia.)
Ua palemo ʻia o Kīlania akahi a 23 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku ai, a ua ala hou kekahi o nā ʻāpana no ka mea ua lilo ka neʻe ana o ka Una honua Pakipika me ka Una Honua Nūholani-ʻĪnia. Ua palemo ka Una honua Pakipika ma mua ma lalo o ka Una honua Nūholani. I ka manawa i lilo, ua a piʻi aʻe ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāinapuniʻole, o Aotearoa i kēia lā.
ʻO ka Wahi Iho Keremadeka-Tonga ka Palena kuʻi ʻākau iā Te Ika a Maui (Moku ʻĀkau), Aotearoa. Ua loaʻa kēia Wahi Iho i ka lau o nā luapele, a nā luapele i hānau ʻia nā pae moku o Keremadeka a me Tonga. Aia nā pōhaku kahiko loa ma Polenekia ma Aotearoa, a he akahi a 510 miliona mau makahiki. ʻO nā pōhaku kahiko ma waho o Kīlania ma ka Pae Mauna Moana ʻEmepela a he akahi a 80 miliona mau makahiki ke kahiko.
ʻO Polenesia (maʻamau) nā mokupuni ma loko o ka Huinakolu Polenekia, akā ua noho nā poʻe Polenekia ma kekahi o nā mokupuni ma waho o ka Huinakolu Polenekia. Hiki ʻoe ke ʻike i ka Huinakolu Polenekia inā e pili ʻoe i nā lae o Hawaiʻi, Aotearoa, a me Rapa Nui. ʻO nā pae moku nui ʻē aʻe ma loko o ka Huinakolu Polenekia ʻo, Haʻamoa, Tonga, Kuki ʻAilani, Tuwalu, Tokelau, Niue, ʻUwea me Futuna a me Polenekia Farani.
A he mau aukanaka liʻiliʻi ma Papua Nū Kini, Kolomona, nā Moku Karolina, a me Wanuatu. ʻO ka pae moku like pū me Polenekia ma waho o ka Huinakolu Polenekia ʻo Rotuma, ʻākau iā Piti. Kāʻana nā poʻe Rotuma a me nā poʻe Polenekia i nā nohona like, akā he ʻŌlelo Polenekia ʻole kō Rotuma. Pili kekahi o nā Moku Lau, hema hikina iā Fiji me Tonga. Akā, he wahi inoa nohona ʻo Polenekia no hoʻokahi o nā ʻāpana ʻekolu o Oceania (ʻo Mikonikia, a mea Melanikia).
| Nā Aupuni a Nā Panālaʻau | Nā Noka |
|---|---|
| Aotearoa | Aupuni kūʻōkoʻa |
| Haʻamoa (Komohana) | Aupuni kūʻōkoʻa |
| Haʻamoa ʻAmelika | He panalāʻau o ʻAmelika Hui |
| Hawaiʻi | Mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū |
| Niue | He Mokuʻāina kūʻōkoʻa o Aotearoa |
| Norefoka | He panālaʻau o Nūholani |
| Pitikeina | He panālaʻau o Beretania |
| Polenekia Farani | He pānalaʻau aupuni o Farani |
| Rapa Nui | He pānalaʻau o Kili |
| Rotuma | He pānalaʻau o Piki |
| Tokelau | He pānalaʻau o Aotearoa |
| Tonga | He aupuni kūʻokoʻa |
| Tuwalu | He aupuni kūʻokoʻa |
| ʻUwea me Futuna | He pānalaʻau o Farani |
He ʻāpana nā Kānaka Polenekia o nā kānaka ʻAusutoronesia, he mau ʻōlelo hōʻike ʻōlelo, hulikoehana a he moʻokūʻauhau a nā kānaka. Inā e ʻike ana i ka moʻaukala o nā ʻōlelo Polenekia, aia ke kinohi ma Melenikia, ʻAsia Hema Hikina, a me Taiuana. Akahi a 3000 a 1000 BCE, ua haʻalele nā poʻe ʻōlelo ʻAusutoronesia mai Taiwan i ʻAsia Hema Hikina.
Aia ma nā Moʻokūʻikena hulikoehana he mau ʻōlelo hōʻike no ke alahele a nā kānaka i haʻalele mai ʻAsia Hikina Hema. Ua manaʻo ia, ma mua o ka makahiki 1400 BCE ua hele nā "Kānaka Lapita" i ka pae moku o Bisimakak a me Melenikia ʻĀkau Komohana. Ua ulu kēlā nohona me nā ao i hala, i kona haʻalele mai Taiuana. Ua nalo ka ʻulu laisi, no ka mea ua pono i nā loʻi nui nō ka laisi, a aʻole he maikaʻi no nā mokupuni. Akā ua ulu nā Kānaka Lapita i nā kanu kahiko ʻAusutoronesia e like me nā uhi a me ke kalo (ua ulu ke kalo e like me ka laisi, ma nā loʻi), a ua ulu i nā kanu hou e like me ka ʻulu a me ka ʻuala.
I he ʻekolu ai ʻole ʻehā mau kenekulia wale i hala ʻai, ma wane o 1300 a 900 BCE, ua hāliʻi ka nohona Lapita i he 6,000 mau km i ka hikina mai ka pae moku Bisimaka, a i Piki, Tonga, a me Haʻamoa, i noho mua akahi a 3,000 mau makahiki i hala aku ai. Ua hoʻomaka kekahi hoʻomahele moʻomeheu me Piki i ke komohana, a me ka ʻōlelo Polenekia ke hoʻokahua ana ma Tonga a me Haʻamoa i ka hikina. He mau ʻōlelo hōʻike kahiko o ka ulu i kāʻana me nā ʻōlelo Piki a Polenekia, akā i kēia manawa kapa ʻia he "hōʻaiʻē" wale a ua manaʻo he lohi aku kēia ulu like.
Ma ka moʻaukala o ka holomoana a ka noho mua o Polenekia, loaʻa kekahi hakahaka, kapa inoa i ka hapanui o ka manawa ʻo ka "Hoʻomaha Lōʻihi" ma waena o ka noho mua o Polenekia Komohana ʻo Piki, Tonga, a me Haʻamoa, a he mea ʻē aʻe a me nā wahi ʻē ma ka hikina. Ua 1,000 mau makahiki kēia hakahaka. Aʻole maopopo nā akeakamai no ka mea ua loaʻa nā poʻe Polenekia i kekahi hakahaka o ka holomoana ʻana, akā noʻonoʻo kekahi ua lilo ke ao a ua pono nā poʻe e haʻalele i nā mokupuni. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha lōʻihi ua hele nā kānaka i Polenekia waena a me ka hikina. Ua paio mau āhea ka noho mua a nā poʻe o nā mokupuni pākahi, akā ua ʻae nā akeakamai ua noho mua nā poʻe i ka waena ʻo Kuki ʻAilani, Tahiti, Mākesa etc. akahi o 1000-1150 CE, a ua hoʻopau ʻia me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe o Hawaiʻi, Aotearoa a me Rapa Nui akahi o 1200 a 1300 CE.
He moʻokūʻauhau kō Polenekia i ka noho mua ma Piki, Tonga, a me Haʻamoa, ma hope ka noho ʻana ma Bisimaka. He mau ʻōlelo hōʻike no ka pili ʻana o nā poʻe Polenekia i kēia lā me nā Kānaka Melenikia, e male ʻia nā kāne me nā wahine, he ʻōlelo maikaʻi no ka moʻomeheu wahine. Ua hala liʻi ka moʻokūʻauhau a māna wahine, akā ua māna wahine mau ka hapanui o nā poʻe Polenekia, a nā poʻe ʻōlelo ʻAusetoronesia. Ua nalo ka pokela Lapitaa i ka hiki mai ana i Polenekia Hema. Ua kū kahi ke ʻano, ka ʻōlelo, a moʻomeheu a nā Kānaka Polenesia ma mua o 1000 BCE.
He ʻelima mau hui ʻōlelo a nā ʻŌlelo Polenekia. He pani nā hui ʻōlelo nō nā hui ʻāina i loko o Polenekia, a ua hoʻohui nā hui ʻōlelo na Green ma ka makahiki 1966, a ua kōkua i ka hōʻoia ana o ka hiki mai ana o ke Kānaka Polenekia mai komohana i ka hikina. He hui akaaka kō Polenekia Hikina, a he mau mea i loko ko kēlā mau ʻōlelo, i nalo ʻia ma nā ʻōlelo Polenekia ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ʻano ʻōlelo o Mākesa ka mole kahikohiko loa o ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, a ma hope ua hele mai nā poʻe Tahiti, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Aia ka mole o ka Māori Aotearoa ma ka waena o Polenekia Hikina, i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ma nā moʻolelo
Hoʻomāhele o Polenekia i ʻelua mau hui moʻomeheu like ʻole, Polenekia Hikina a Polenekia Hema. He moʻomeheu no ka lehulehu nui kō Polenekia Komohana. He kikoʻī ka male ʻana, ke kālepa , a me nā kānawai ma ka nohona. ʻO Tonga, Haʻamoa, a me Piki nā mokupuni o Polenekia Hema. Ua hoʻomaka ke ana noho mua o Polenekia Hikina mai Haʻamoa i nā mokupuni pālahalaha o Tuwalu, ʻo Tuwalu ka hoʻomaka o ka neʻekau i nā moku ʻē o Polenekia ma Melanikia a Mikonikia.
Ua lilo ka moʻomeheu Polenekia Hikina i kekahi no nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi, a me nā mokupuni pālahalaha, ʻo Niue, Kuki ʻAilani, Tahiti, Tuamotu, Mākesa, Hawaiʻi, Rapa Nui a nā hui Pakipika Waena ʻē aʻe. Ua hiki mua nā kānaka Polenekia Hikina i nā mokupuni nui o Aotearoa, a ua lilo ko lakou moʻomeheu i kekahi kopikala ʻole.
Aʻole like me Melanikia, ua koho ʻia nā aliʻi o Polenekia me ko lākou moʻokūʻauhai. Akā ma Haʻamoa, he ʻano ʻē, i hui ʻia ka moʻokūʻauhau a mea nā mākau e koho i nā aliʻi. ʻO Faʻamatai kēia ʻano koho aliʻi. Na Ben R. Finney a Eric M. Jones i ʻōlelo, Ma Tahiti ua loaʻa 35,000 mau Kāmaka Polenekia i ka manawa i hiki mua nā poʻe ʻEuropa, a ua hoʻokaʻawale nā poʻe waiwai, me he ʻai nui, a me nā poʻe nele a ʻuku, i ʻole ka ʻai.
| ʻĀina | Heluna kānaka |
|---|---|
| Aotearoa | 4,942,500 |
| Hawai‘i | 1,415,872 |
| Polenekia Palani | 275,918 |
| Sāmoa Komohana | 196,130 |
| Tonga | 108,020 |
| Sāmoa ʻAmelika | 55,465 |
| Rapa Nui | 7,750 |
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