From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lissafin haƙƙoƙi, wani lokacin ana kiran sanarwar haƙƙoƙi ko yarjejeniyar haƙƙin mallaka, jerin 'yancin mafi mahimmanci ga' yancin ƙasa. Manufar itace dan kare waɗannan haƙƙoƙin daga cin zarafi daga jami'an gwamnati da ƴan ƙasa masu zaman kansu.
 Yarjejeniyar haƙƙin muhalli | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
statute (en)  |
.jpg)
Takaddun kuɗaɗen haƙƙin na iya zama tushen ko ba a ɗora su ba . Ba za a iya gyara ko soke wani doka na haƙƙin ɗan majalisa ta hanyar tsarin yau da kullun ba, a maimakon haka yana buƙatar babban rinjaye ko kuri'ar raba gardama; dan sau da yawa wani bangare ne na kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don haka yana bin matakai na musamman da suka shafi gyaran kundin tsarin mulkin kasar.
Tarihin sharuɗɗan shari'a da ke tabbatar da wasu haƙƙoƙi ga wasu ƙungiyoyi ya koma tsakiyar zamanai da kuma a baya. Misali shi ne Magna Carta, Yarjejeniyar Shari'a ta Ingilishi da aka amince da ita tsakanin Sarki da Baroninsa a shekarata 1215. A farkon zamanin zamani, an sami sabunta sha'awar Magna Carta. Alkalin dokar gama gari na Ingila Sir Edward Coke ya farfado da ra'ayin 'yancin da ya danganci zama dan kasa ta hanyar jayayya cewa a tarihi 'yan Ingila sun sami irin wannan hakkokin. Ƙaddamar da Haƙƙin a shekarar 1628, Dokar Habeas Corpus a shekarata 1679 da Bill of Rights 1689 sun kafa wasu hakkoki a cikin doka.
A cikin Amurka, Dokar Haƙƙin Ingilishi na ɗaya daga cikin tasirin da aka yi kan sanarwar Haƙƙin 1776 na Virginia, wanda hakan ya rinjayi sanarwar 'yancin kai na Amurka daga baya waccan shekarar. Bayan da aka amince da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin shekarata 1789, an ƙaddamar da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka a shekarar 1791.
An yi wahayi zuwa ga zamanin wayewar kai, Sanarwa na Haƙƙin Dan Adam da na ɗan ƙasa ya tabbatar da kasancewar haƙƙoƙi. Majalisar dokokin Faransa ta amince da ita a cikin shekarata 1789 a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa .
Ƙarni na 20 ya ga ƙungiyoyi dabam-dabam suna zana waɗannan takardu na farko don yin tasiri sa’ad da suke tsara Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya na ’Yancin ’Yan Adam, Yarjejeniyar Turai Kan ’Yancin Bil Adama da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan ’yancin yara .
Kundin tsarin mulkin Burtaniya ya kasance ba a canza shi ba. Koyaya, Dokar Haƙƙin a shekarata 1689 wani ɓangare ne na dokar Burtaniya. Dokar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta 1998 kuma ta haɗa haƙƙoƙin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam a cikin dokokin Burtaniya. Cin zarafi na baya-bayan nan na 'yanci, dimokuradiyya da bin doka ya haifar da bukatu na sabon cikakken kundin hakkin Birtaniyya wanda wata sabuwar kotun koli mai zaman kanta ta amince da shi mai ikon soke dokokin gwamnati da manufofin da suka saba wa ka'idojinta.
Ostiraliya ita ce kawai ƙasar doka ta gama gari wacce ba ta da kundin tsarin mulki ko na tarayya na haƙƙin haƙƙin kare 'yan ƙasa, kodayake ana ci gaba da muhawara a yawancin jihohin Australia. A shekara ta 1973, babban lauyan gwamnatin tarayya Lionel Murphy ya gabatar da kudirin dokar kare hakkin dan Adam a majalisa, ko da yake ba a taba zartar da shi ba. A cikin shekarata 1984, Sanata Gareth Evans ya kafa lissafin haƙƙoƙin, amma a shekarar 1985, Sanata ta Majalisar Dokoki, wacce ta wuce ta wuce majalisar dattijai . [1] Tsohon Firayim Ministan Australiya John Howard ya yi gardama kan wani kudirin doka na kare hakkin Australia bisa hujjar cewa zai mika mulki daga zababbun 'yan siyasa zuwa alkalai da masu rike da mukamai da ba a zabe su ba . Victoria, Queensland da Babban Birnin Australiya (ACT) su ne kawai jihohi da yankuna da ke da Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam. Duk da haka ƙa'idar doka da ke cikin tsarin shari'a na Ostiraliya, na neman tabbatar da cewa an fassara dokar don kada a tsoma baki tare da ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam, sai dai idan doka ta yi niyyar tsoma baki.
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.
