Sharia, Sashe ne na dokokin addinin Musulunci, wanda ke tafiyar da al'adun rayuwar musulmai. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga hukunce-hukuncen addinin Musulunci, musamman Alkur'ani da hadisi.[1] A cikin harshen Larabci, kalmar shari'ah tana nufin "dokokin da Allah madauwama wanda ya gindaya kuma basu canzuwa kuma ya bambanta da fiqh, wanda ke nufin maganganun magabata akan harkokin ɗan adam na yau da kullum. A tarihi anyi amfani da wasu sassa na fiqhu wajen gindaya dokoki na rayuwar al'umma da gwanatin jihohi na al'umma da suka yadda da bin ainihin tafarkin shiriya na musulunci da (Hukunce-hukunce ko Fatawaowi) na shari'a da dokoki, amma Shari'a ba kasafai ta ke zama tsarin mulki ba na gaba ɗaya. Ana kuma amfani da kalmar a matsayin Shari'ar Musulunci tun daga zamain halifancin Umar Ibn Al-Khattab da kuma Halifancin Umayyad.
 Shari'a | |
|---|---|
legal order (en)  , academic discipline (en) , form of government (en) da Islamic term (en) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
religious law (en) da Doka |
| Sunan asali | شَرِيعَةٌ |
| Addini | Musulunci |
| Alaƙanta da | Fiƙihu |
| Tarihin maudu'i |
history of sharia (en) |
| Gudanarwan |
qadi (en) da Islamic jurist (en) |
Karatun gargajiya na fikihun musulunci na bin hanyoyin sharia guda hudu: Alqur’ani, sunnah (sahihan hadisi), kimantawa (dalilai daga misalan magabata), da ijma (yarjejeniyar malamai). Makarantu daban-daban na shari'a - waɗanda suka fi shahara sune Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali da Jafari - sun bi hanyoyin hikima wajen samar da hukunce-hukuncen sharia daga nazarin rubutattun dokoki ta hanyar amfani da kuma wata tsarin da aka sani da ijitihadi. Hukunci al'ada ta (fiqh) ta gabatar da manyan hukunce hukuncen shari'a guda biyu, ʿibādāt (bauta) da muʿāmalāt (alaƙa ta zamantakewa), waɗanda kuma a tare ke kunshe da darussa da yawa. Hukunce-hukuncensa suna da alaƙa da matsayin ɗabi'a gwargwadon ka'idodi na doka, [8] [9] sanya ayyukan zuwa ɗayan rukuni biyar: na wajibi, shawarar, tsaka tsaki, ƙiyayya, da haramun. Don haka, wasu wuraren shari'a sun hade da masaniyar Yammacin Turai yayin da wasu suka fi dacewa da rayuwar rayuwa daidai da nufin Allah.
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