From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The American University in Cairo (AUC; Larabci: الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة, romanized: al-Jāmi‘a al-’Amrīkiyya bi-l-Qāhira) is a private research university in New Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, along with a continuing education program.
Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira | |
---|---|
| |
Bayanai | |
Iri | jami'a mai zaman kanta |
Ƙasa | Misra |
Aiki | |
Mamba na | Digital Preservation Coalition (en) da Ƙungiyar Jami'in Afrika |
Adadin ɗalibai | 6,857 (2021) |
Mulki | |
Hedkwata | Kairo |
Tarihi | |
Ƙirƙira | 1919 |
Wanda ya samar |
|
|
Kungiyar daliban AUC tana wakiltar kasashe sama da 50. Ma'aikatan AUC, ma'aikatan koyarwa da malamai masu ziyara sun bambanta a duniya kuma sun haɗa da malamaa, ƙwararrun kasuwanci, diflomasiyya, 'yan jarida, marubuta da sauransu daga Amurka, Masar da sauran ƙasashe.
AUC tana da izinin ma'aikata daga Hukumar Tsakiyar Tsakiya kan Ilimi mafi girma a Amurka da kuma daga Hukumar Kula da Inganci da Binciken Ilimi ta Masar.[1]
Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira an kafa ta ne a cikin 1919 ta Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Misira, aikin Furotesta wanda Ikilisiyar United Presbyterian ta Arewacin Amurka ta tallafawa, a matsayin jami'ar harshen Ingilishi da makarantar shirye-shirye. Wanda ya kafa jami'ar Charles A. Watson ya so ya kafa wata cibiyar yamma don ilimi mafi girma.[2]
An yi niyyar AUC a matsayin makarantar shirye-shirye da jami'a. Makarantar shirye-shiryen ta buɗe ga ɗalibai 142 a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1920, a Fadar Khairy Pasha, wacce aka gina a cikin shekarun 1860. Digiri na farko da aka bayar sune takaddun shaida na matakin kwaleji da aka ba dalibai 20 a 1923. [3][4]
Akwai rikice-rikice tsakanin Watson, wanda ke da sha'awar gina martabar jami'ar, da shugabannin United Presbyterian a Amurka waɗanda suka nemi dawo da jami'ar zuwa asalin Kirista. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, Watson ta yanke shawarar cewa jami'ar ba za ta iya kula da alakar addini ta asali ba kuma mafi kyawun burinta shine inganta halin kirki da ɗabi'a.[5]
Asalin da aka iyakance ga ɗaliban maza, jami'ar ta shiga ɗaliban mata na farko a cikin 1928. [6] A wannan shekarar, jami'ar ta kammala karatun ta na farko, tare da digiri biyu na Bachelor of Arts da kuma digiri daya na Bachelor of Sciences.
A cikin 1950, AUC ta kara shirye-shiryen digiri na farko ga ci gaba da karatun digiri na farko, digiri na kimiyya, difloma na digiri, da shirye-shirye na ci gaba da ilimi, kuma a cikin 1951, ta fitar da shirin makarantar shirye-shirya. A lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida, gwamnatin Masar ta kwace AUC kuma masu gudanarwa na Masar sun sanya shi a ƙarƙashin iko na shekaru bakwai masu zuwa, kuma an tilasta wa mafi yawan malaman Amurka su bar ƙasar. Masar ta dakatar da mallakar jami'ar kasa, wanda aka goyi bayan shi da kuɗin da ake bin shi a matsayin biyan bashin da Hukumar Kula da Ci gaban Duniya ta Amurka ta yi.[7] Gwamnati ta mayar da iko ga masu gudanarwa na Amurka a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1974, daidai da ziyarar da Shugaban Amurka Richard Nixon ya kai Alkahira. [8] A tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, jami'ar ta ba da shirye-shiryen zane-zane da kimiyya masu yawa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, jami'ar ta kara da bachelors, masters, da shirye-shiryen difloma a cikin injiniya, gudanarwa, kimiyyar kwamfuta, aikin jarida da shirye-aikacen sadarwa da kimiyya, gami da kafa cibiyoyin bincike da yawa a fannoni masu mahimmanci, gami na kasuwanci, kimiyyyar zamantakewa, taimakon jama'a da kuma aikin jama'a, da kimiyya da fasaha. A cikin shekarun 1950, jami'ar ta kuma canza sunanta daga Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira, ta maye gurbin "at" da "in".
An kafa Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira Press a shekarar 1960. A shekara ta 2016, tana buga littattafai har zuwa 80 a kowace shekara.[9]
A shekara ta 1978, jami'ar ta kafa Cibiyar Ci gaban Desert don inganta Ci gaba mai ɗorewa a yankunan hamada da aka dawo da su a Masar.[10] Cibiyar Bincike don Muhalli mai dorewa ce ke ci gaba da gadon Cibiyar Ci Gaban hamada.
Ma'aikatar ta kada kuri'a "rashin amincewa" ga shugaban jami'a Francis J. Ricciardone a watan Fabrairun 2019. A cikin wata wasika zuwa ga shugaban, ma'aikatan sun ambaci "rashin halin kirki, gunaguni game da salon gudanarwarsa, korafe-korafe game da kwangila da zarge-zargen nuna bambanci ba bisa ka'ida ba" tare da tashin hankali ya kara karuwa lokacin da Ricciardone ya gayyaci Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Mike Pompeo don ba da jawabi a jami'ar.[11]
A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2019, Kwamitin Amintattun Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira ya sake tabbatar da ci gaba da amincewa da goyon baya mara cancanta ga Shugaba Francis J. Ricciardone. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, ya tsawaita wa'adinsa har zuwa watan Yunin shekara ta 2024.[12] Ricciardone ya yi ritaya a watan Yunin 2021. [13]
Kwamitin amintattu ya sanar da nadin Ahmad S. Dallal a matsayin shugaban jami'a na 13 a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. [14]
An kafa AUC ne da farko a Tahrir Square a cikin garin Alkahira. An haɓaka harabar Tahrir Square mai girman kadada 7.8 a kusa da Fadar Khairy Pasha . An gina shi a cikin salon neo-Mamluk, [ ƙarin bayani da ake buƙata] fadar ta yi wahayi zuwa ga salon gine-gine wanda aka sake maimaita shi a ko'ina cikin Alkahira.[15] An kafa Ewart Hall a 1928, mai suna William Dana Ewart, mahaifin wani baƙo na Amurka zuwa harabar, wanda ya ba da kyautar $ 100,000 don farashin gini a kan yanayin cewa ta kasance ba a san ta ba.[16] A. St. John Diament ne ya tsara tsarin, yana kusa da gefen kudu na Fadar. Yankin tsakiya na ginin yana da ɗakin taro mai girma don zama 1,200, da kuma ɗakunan ajiya, ofisoshi da wuraren baje kolin. Ci gaba da ci gaban makarantar ya buƙaci ƙarin sarari, kuma a cikin 1932, an keɓe sabon gini don gidan Makarantar Nazarin Gabas. Gabashin Ewart Hall, ginin ya ƙunshi Oriental Hall, ɗakin taro da ɗakin liyafa da aka gina kuma aka yi wa ado a cikin daidaitawar salon gargajiya, [17] duk da haka yana amsawa ga salon gine-gine na lokacinsa.[15]
A tsawon lokaci AUC ta kara karin gine-gine ga abin da aka sani da The GrEEK Campus, don jimlar gine-gine biyar da murabba'in ƙafa 250,000 a cikin garin Alkahira.[18] An haɓaka Sadat Metro tare da samun damar zuwa harabar, kuma manyan layin ta sun haɗu kusa da can. Har ila yau kusa da ita ce Tashar jirgin kasa ta Ramses. Ganuwar harabar a kan titin Mohamed Mahmoud har yanzu tana da rubutun juyin juya hali.[18] Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira ta yi wani shiri kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta adana rubutun bango.[19] Mutane da yawa masu sha'awar sun buga har ma sun rubuta waɗannan rubutun ta hanyar tattara hotuna / hotuna na mural ɗin da baƙi suka ɗauka, waɗanda suka kasance a wannan lokacin tarihi. [20][21]
A cikin fall of 2008, AUC ya bar Cibiyar Girka kuma ya kaddamar da AUC New Cairo, sabon harabar karkara mai girman kadada 260 a New Cairo, birni na tauraron dan adam kimanin kilomita 20 (da minti 45) daga harabar gari. New Cairo ci gaban gwamnati ne wanda ya kunshi kadada 46,000 na ƙasa tare da yawan mutanen da aka tsara na mutane miliyan 2.5. [22] AUC New Cairo tana ba da ci gaba da ci gaba don bincike da ilmantarwa, da kuma duk albarkatun zamani da ake buƙata don tallafawa rayuwar harabar.[23] A cikin babban shirinsa na sabon harabar, jami'ar ta ba da umarnin cewa harabar ta bayyana dabi'un jami'ar a matsayin cibiyar zane-zane mai sassaucin ra'ayi, a cikin abin da ba na Yamma ba tare da tushen gargajiya mai zurfi da babban burin.[24] Sabon harabar an yi niyya ne don zama binciken shari'a don yadda jituwa da bambancin gine-gine zasu iya kasancewa tare da kirkirar abubuwa da kuma yadda al'ada da zamani zasu iya yin kira ga ma'ana.[25] Yankunan harabar suna aiki ne a matsayin dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu kama da juna don nazarin ci gaban hamada, kimiyyar halittu, da kuma dangantakar da ke tsakanin muhalli da al'umma.[25] Cibiyoyin biyu tare suna karɓar bakuncin shirye-shiryen digiri 36 da shirye-shirye na digiri 46. Cibiyar New Cairo tana ba da makarantu shida da cibiyoyin bincike goma.
Cibiyoyin Bincike na Ginin suna da Gidan Taron AUC, Cibiyar Yarima Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud don Nazarin Amurka, Cibiyar John D. Gerhart don Philanthropy da Civic Engagement, da Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Yousef Jameel.
Cibiyar Bayanai ta Dr. Hamza AlKholi tana da ofisoshin AUC don yin rajista, shigarwa, harkokin kudi na dalibai da ayyukan dalibai. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Howard yana cikin Cibiyar Ilimi ta Hatem da Janet Mostafa, tare da Gidan Lecture na Mansour Group, Cibiyar Ba da Shawara ta Ilimi da Ofishin Dean na Nazarin Ilimi.
Cibiyar AUC don Fasaha ta haɗa da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu: Malak Gabr Arts da Gerhart, da kuma Sharjah Art Gallery da ofisoshi na Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Fasaha.
Cibiyar Cibiyar Jami'ar tana ba wa ɗalibai yanki na al'umma don cin abinci, taruwa, shirya tafiye-tafiye, da halartar abubuwan da ke faruwa a harabar. A cikin ginin akwai kantin sayar da littattafai, kantin sayarwar kyauta, banki, ofishin tafiye-tafiye da babban ɗakin cin abinci. Har ila yau, akwai cibiyar kula da rana, ɗakin karatu da Ofishin Ayyukan Dalibai, Ofishin Tafiya da shagon AUC Press Campus.
Kusa da Cibiyar Campus akwai gidajen dalibai. A gefen mazaunan ɗalibai akwai Cibiyar Wasanni ta AUC mai hawa uku, gami da kotun da ke da kujeru 2,000, hanyar tsere, kotuna shida, zane-zane da ɗakunan motsa jiki, ɗakin karatu na kyauta, da kotunan horo. Gidajen waje sun haɗa da filin wasa mai kujeru 2,000, wurin yin iyo, filin ƙwallon ƙafa, tsere da tseren keke, da kotuna don wasan tennis, kwando, kwallon hannu da volleyball.[23]
Gida ɗaya daga cikin manyan tarin harshen Ingilishi a yankin, ɗakin karatu na AUC mai hawa biyar ya haɗa da sarari don kundin 600,000 a cikin babban ɗakin karatu da kundin 100,000 a cikin Littattafai masu Rare da Littattafai na Musamman; ɗakunan aiki na kwamfuta; samar da bidiyo da sauti da kuma gyare-gyare; da kuma cikakkun albarkatun don ƙididdiga, microfilming da adana takardu. Bugu da ƙari, a matakin plaza na ɗakin karatu, Learning Commons yana jaddada rukuni da haɗin gwiwa. Wannan yanki na musamman ya haɗa da nazarin mai zaman kansa, ilmantarwa mai ma'amala, ɗakunan multimedia da fasaha, da kwafi da cibiyoyin rubutu.[23]
An gina AUC New Cairo ta amfani da tan 24,000 na karfe mai ƙarfafawa, da kuma murabba'in mita 115,000 na dutse, marmara, murfin dutse da bene. Fiye da ma'aikata 7,000 sun yi aiki sau biyu a wurin ginin.[26]
Sandstone don ganuwar gine-ginen harabar an samar da shi ta hanyar dutse guda ɗaya a Kom Ombo, kilomita 50 a arewacin Aswan. Dutsen ya isa ta hanyar mota a cikin manyan tubalan da yawa, waɗanda aka yanke kuma aka tsara su don ganuwar, arches da sauran amfani a wani masana'antar yankan dutse da aka gina a shafin. An gina ganuwar bisa ga tsarin kula da makamashi wanda ke rage yanayin sanyaya iska da amfani da makamashin dumama da akalla kashi 50 idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin gini na al'ada. Fiye da kashi 75 cikin dari na dutse a cikin Alumni Wall wanda ke kewaye da harabar an sake amfani da shi daga dutse wanda in ba haka ba za a watsar da shi a matsayin sharar gida bayan an yanke shi.
Wani ramin sabis na kilomita 1.6 wanda ke gudana a ƙarƙashin babbar hanyar tsakiya tare da kashin harabar AUC shine mahimmin abu don yin yanayin tafiya gaba ɗaya. Ayyukan da za a iya samu ta hanyar ramin sun haɗa da duk isar da kaya daga gine-ginen harabar, fiber optic da kuma fasahar da ke da alaƙa da fasaha, manyan hanyoyin lantarki da famfo don ruwan zafi, ruwan gida da ruwan sanyi don sanyaya iska. Duk sauran bututun ruwa, iskar gas, ban ruwa da kashe gobara an binne su a harabar, a waje da ramin, a kusa da gine-gine kamar yadda ake buƙata don manufar su.[26]
Margaret Scobey, tsohon Jakadan Amurka a Misira, tana daga cikin baƙi a rantsar da shi a watan Fabrairun 2009.[27] A cikin maganganunta, Scobey ya ce,
"Sabon bukatun sabuwar duniyarmu suna haɓaka muhimmancin ilimi. Muna buƙatar shugabanninmu na gaba su kasance daban-daban kuma su sami ƙwarewar ilimi daban-daban... Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, muna buƙatar shugabannin da suka keɓe kansu don haɓaka girmamawa ta gaskiya ga juna idan za mu yi aiki tare yadda ya kamata don amfani da waɗannan ƙarfin canji don mafi kyau. "[27]
Jakadan Scobey ya kuma gabatar da sakon taya murna ga AUC daga Shugaban Amurka Barack Obama . [28]
A cikin 2013 AUC ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haya ta shekaru 10 tare da Tahrir Alley Technology Park (TATP), wani kamfani na Alkahira wanda ke da niyyar ci gaba da sunan Cibiyar Girka, don gudanar da Cibiyar Girkanci. AUC za ta riƙe cikakken mallakar. Ya juya gine-gine biyar ga TATP. Wannan harabar za a bunkasa ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na fasaha, yana ƙarfafa farawa da ci gaban ƙananan kasuwanci.[29] TATP ta ce za ta samar da sarari a harabar makarantar ga masu zane-zane da aka amince da su.[18]
Cibiyar Urban Land da ke Amurka ta amince da sabon tsarin harabar AUC da kuma gini tare da lambar yabo ta musamman da ke gane ingancin makamashi, gine-ginensa, iyawarsa don ci gaban al'umma.[30]
Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira wata cibiyar ilimi ce mai zaman kanta wacce kwamitin amintattu ke jagoranta. Bugu da kari, kwamitin amintattu yana aiki a matsayin kwamitin ba da shawara. Hukumar tana da dokokinta kuma tana zabar shugaban shekara-shekara. Babu dalibai a cikin Kwamitin.[31]
Francis Ricciardone ya kasance shugaban AUC daga 2016 har zuwa 2021.[32] A watan Fabrairun 2019, duka bangarorin da majalisar dattijai ta dalibai ta Jami'ar Amurka sun kada kuri'a cewa ba su da "babu amincewa" ga jagorancin Ricciardone. A cikin wata wasika zuwa ga shugaban, ma'aikatan sun ambaci "rashin halin kirki, gunaguni game da salon gudanarwarsa, korafe-korafe game da kwangila da zarge-zargen nuna bambanci ba bisa ka'ida ba" tare da tashin hankali ya kara karuwa lokacin da Ricciardone ya gayyaci Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka Mike Pompeo don ba da jawabi a jami'ar.[33]
Shugaban 13 na AUC, Ahmad S. Dallal, ya kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin injiniya daga AUB. Ya sami digiri na gaba daga kuma ya koyar a manyan jami'o'i da yawa a Amurka kafin ya ɗauki mukamai na gudanarwa a Jami'ar Amurka ta Beirut daga 2009 zuwa 2015 da Jami'ar Georgetown a Qatar daga 2017 zuwa 2021.[34]
AUC tana ba da digiri na farko 37, digiri na biyu, da digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar da injiniya ban da difloma masu yawa a makarantu biyar: kasuwanci, harkokin duniya da manufofin jama'a, ilimin ɗan adam da kimiyyar zamantakewa, kimiyya da injiniya, da makarantar digiri na ilimi. [35] An tsara yanayin zane-zane na harshen Ingilishi na jami'ar don inganta tunani mai mahimmanci, harshe da ƙwarewar al'adu da kuma ingantawa a cikin ɗalibai godiya ga al'adunsu da al'adun su da kuma alhakinsu ga al'umma. A watan Nuwamba 2020, Provost Ehab Abdelrahman ya rushe makarantar digiri na ilimi ba tare da gargadi ba kuma ba tare da shirin haɗuwa da Makarantar Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Jama'a ba [36]
AUC tana da izinin ma'aikata daga Hukumar Kula da Ilimi Mafi Girma ta Ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Makarantu ta Tsakiya a Amurka. [37] Shirye-shiryen injiniya na AUC sun sami amincewar ABET (tsohon Kwamitin Gudanarwa don Injiniya da Fasaha) kuma shirye-shiryen kasuwanci sun sami amincewa daga Ƙungiyar Ci gaba da Makarantun Kasuwanci na Kwalejin (AACSB.) A Misira, AUC tana aiki a cikin tsarin yarjejeniyar 1975 tare da gwamnatin Masar, wanda ya dogara ne akan Yarjejeniyar Al'adu ta 1962 tsakanin gwamnatocin Amurka da Masar. [38][39] A Amurka, ana ba da lasisi ga AUC don ba da digiri kuma Jihar Delaware ce ta kafa ta.[39] Bugu da kari, yawancin shirye-shiryen ilimi na AUC sun sami takardar shaidar musamman.
Ma'aikata a AUC suna fuskantar matsin lamba akai-akai daga manyan hukumomi, karkashin jagorancin Abdelrahman. A cikin 2019, Adam Duker [40] ya fuskanci abin da ake kira bincike a cikin ƙoƙari na tilasta masa ya yi murabus. A cikin 2022, Abdelrahman ya dakatar da kwangilar farfesa saboda ya yi magana game da manufofi masu cin hanci da rashawa da keta kwangila yayin da yake ba da shawara ga ƙungiyar ma'aikata. An sanar da dalibai ba zato ba tsammani cewa farfesa "ba ya samuwa" kuma ya soke karatun su tare da shi.
Shiga a cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi ya haɗa da dalibai sama da 5,474 tare da ƙarin ɗalibai masu digiri 979 (2017 - 2018). [41] A lokaci guda, ilimin manya ya fadada kuma yanzu yana hidimtawa fiye da dalibai 22,000 a kowace shekara a cikin darussan da ba na bashi ba da shirye-shiryen horo na kwangila da aka bayar ta hanyar Makarantar Ci gaba da Ilimi.[35] Kashi 94% na daliban AUC 'yan Masar ne, tare da sauran kashi 6% daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.