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'Yanci na ilimi
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'Yancin dailimi haƙƙin malami ne na koyarwa da kuma haƙƙin ɗalibi don koyo a fagen ilimi ba tare da tsangwama daga waje ba. [1] Hakanan yana iya haɗawa da haƙƙin malamai don shiga cikin zargi na zamantakewa da siyasa. [1]
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'Yancin ilimi sau da yawa ana dogara ne akan tabbacin cewa 'yancin yin bincike ta membobin malamai yana da mahimmanci ga manufar makarantar da kuma ka'idodin ilimi, kuma malamai su sami 'yancin koyarwa ko sadar da ra'ayoyi ko gaskiya (ciki har da waɗanda ba su dace ba). zuwa ga ƙungiyoyin siyasa na waje ko ga hukumomi) ba tare da fargabar an danne su ba, rasa aikinsu ko a ɗaure su. Yayin da jigon ƴancin ilimi ya ƙunshi masana da ke aiki a fagen ilimi - a matsayin malamai ko masu bincike waɗanda ke bayyana ra'ayoyin masana sosai -, faffadar fassarar tana faɗaɗa waɗannan kariyar sana'o'i zuwa maganganun malamai kan batutuwan da ba su da ƙwarewar ƙwararrunsu. [2] [3]
Zaman ilimi yana kare 'yancin ilimi ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa za a iya korar malamai kawai saboda dalilai kamar babban rashin cancantar ƙwararru ko ɗabi'a da ke haifar da la'anci daga ƙungiyar ilimi da kanta.
A tarihi, 'yancin ilimi ya fito ne a hankali, kamar yadda masana ilimi a tsakiyar tsakiyar Turai da farkon zamani na Turai za su iya fuskantar matsin lamba don yin aiki ta hanyoyin da hukumomin addini ko gwamnatoci ke ganin ba su da kyau. Malamai suna da alaƙa da haɓaka haɓakar 'yancin ilimi zuwa haɓakar jami'ar bincike ta zamani da ƙirar Humboldtian na manyan makarantu daga ƙarni na 19. Ta hanyar ƙiyasin ɗaya, 'yancin ilimi ya ƙaru sosai a duk duniya tun daga shekarun 1960. ’Yancin ilimi ya fi yiyuwa a cikin jahohin dimokuradiyya masu sassaucin ra’ayi, yayin da ya fi takurawa a cikin jahohin masu mulki, da jahohin da ba su da sassaucin ra’ayi, da jahohin da ke fama da rikicin soji.