دوشن دو بولونیه

گیوم دوشن دو بولونیه (به فرانسوی: Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne) (۱۷سپتامبر، ۱۸۰۶ در بولونیه-سور-مر - ۱۵ سپتامبر ۱۸۷۵ در پاریس) متخصص مغز و اعصاب فرانسوی بود که تحقیقات گالوانی را احیا کرد و تا حد زیادی در پیشرفت دانش تنکار شناسی الکتریکی(electrophysiology)مؤثر بود.جریان متناوب مرهون کارهای اوست. عصر مغز و اعصاب مدرن از این که او فهمید که مسیرهای عصبی هادی هستندو کشف او در مورد اثر ضایعات بر این خاصیت و نوآوری‌های تشخیصی او در مورد بافت برداری از بافت‌های عمیق، آزمون‌های هدایت عصبی (NCS)، و عکاسی بالینی پیشرفت زیادی کرد. مغز و اعصاب در فرانسه قبل از دوشن وجود نداشت.

زندگینامه

گیوم بنیامین دوشن پسر یک ماهیگیر بود.

کارها

تست رایت (۱۸۳۳)
برق محلی و کاربرد آن به تنکارشناسی آسیب شناسی و درمان (۱۸۵۵)

Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, ou Analyse électro-physiologique de l'expression des passions applicable à la pratique des arts plastiques (1862)
Physiologie des mouvements démontrée à l'aide de l'expérimentation électrique et de l'observation clinique, et applicable à l'étude des paralysies et des déformations (1867

)

منابع

Garrison, Fielding Hudson (1913). An introduction to the history of medicine.. Philadelphia & London: W. B. Saunders. p. 571. "Modem neurology is mainly of French extraction and derives from Duchenne, of Boulogne, through Charcot and his pupils."
McHenry, Lawrence C. (1969). Garrison's history of neurology. Springfield IL: Charles C. Thomas. p. 270. ISBN 0-398-01261-X. "In the first part of the century neurological works had been published by Cooke, Bell, Hall and others, but the first real advance in neurology did not come until the clinical experience of Romberg and Duchenne."
a b Duchenne de Boulogne, G. -B. & Cuthbertson, Andrew R. (1990). The mechanism of human facial expression. Cambridge UK; New York; etc.: Cambridge University Press. p. 227. ISBN 0-521-36392-6. "It must be emphasized that, before Duchenne, French neurology did not exist."
McHenry, p. 282: "His interest in neurology, which was slow in evolving, was largely inspired by Duchenne, whom Charcot called his "master in neurology."
a b Collins, Joseph (1908). "Duchenne of Boulogne. A biography and an appreciation". Medical Record (William Wood) 73: 50–54.
This device was described by Gowers as 'Duchenne's histological harpoon,' and by others as a 'miniature harpoon' - metonymy that alluded to his parentage by the sea.
a b Duchenne, Guillaume-Benjamin & Tibbets, Herbert (1871). A treatise on localized electrization, and its applications to pathology and therapeutics. London: Hardwicke.
Lasègue, C. & Straus, J. (1875). "Duchenne de Boulogne; sa vie scientifique et ses oeuvres". Archives générales de médecine. 6th (P. Asselin) 2: 687–715.
Garrison, p. 572.
Mécanisme de la Physiologie Humaine, Ist Edition 1862-3; 2nd Edition, published Paris, J.B. Baillière, 1876
Physiologie des mouvements démontrée à l'aide de l'expérimentation électrique et de l'observation clinique, et applicable à l'étude des paralysies et des déformation, published in 1867
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 3, 130-1, trans. Sobieszek.
Also known as The publication history of Duchenne's Mecanisme is complex and to a degree uncertain. It was published over the course of 1862 and possibly into 1863.
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part I, 31; Cuthbertson trans. , 19.
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part I, 65; Cuthbertson trans. , 36.
Although Tournachon contributed some of the negatives for the scientific section, most of the photographs in this section, and all eleven plates corresponding to the aesthetic section, were made by Duchenne.
Duchenne, Mechanism, part 2, 6; Ibid. , 42
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 2, 8; Ibid. , 43.
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 3, 133; Ibid. , 102
Ibid.
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 3, 133-5; Ibid. , 102-3
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 3, 141; Ibid. , 105
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 3, 169-74; Ibid. , 120-2
Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 2, 125; Ibid. , 100.
Fowles, The French Lieutenant's Woman, 119
The book Ghost in the Shell: Photography and the Human Soul, 1850-2000, by Robert A. Sobieszek, was published in 1999 and accompanied the exhibition of the same name which took place in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Sobieszek, Ghost in the Shell, 2003, MIT Press, 79

مطالعات بیشتر

Freitas-Magalhães, A. , & Castro, E. (2009). The Neuropsychophysiological Construction of the Human Smile. In A. Freitas-Magalhães (Ed.), Emotional Expression: The Brain and The Face (pp. 1–18). Porto: University Fernando Pessoa Press. ISBN 978-989-643-034-4.
Sobieszek, Robert A. , Ghost in the Shell, 2003, MIT Press
Delaporte, François. Anatomy of the Passions. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Parent, André (2005). "Duchenne De Boulogne: a pioneer in neurology and medical photography". The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques. ۳۲ (۳): ۳۶۹–۷۷. PMID ۱۶۲۲۵۱۸۴. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Parent, André (2005). "Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875)". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. ۱۱ (۷): ۴۱۱–۲. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.04.004. PMID ۱۶۳۴۵۱۴۱. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Siegel, I M (2000). "Charcot and Duchenne: of mentors, pupils, and colleagues". Perspect. Biol. Med. ۴۳ (۴): ۵۴۱–۷. doi:10.1353/pbm.2000.0055. PMID ۱۱۰۵۸۹۹۰. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laysummary=، |laydate= و |laysource= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Bach, J R (2000). "The Duchenne de Boulogne-Meryon controversy and pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy". Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences. ۵۵ (۲): ۱۵۸–۷۸. doi:10.1093/jhmas/55.2.158. PMID ۱۰۸۲۰۹۶۷. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Pearce, J M (1999). "Some contributions of Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-75)". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. ۶۷ (۳): ۳۲۲. doi:10.1136/jnnp.67.3.322. PMC 1736523. PMID ۱۰۴۴۹۵۵۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Jay, V (1998). "On a historical note: Duchenne of Boulogne". Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. ۱ (۳): ۲۵۴–۵. doi:10.1007/PL00010897. PMID ۱۰۴۶۳۲۸۶. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laysummary=، |laydate= و |laysource= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
George, M S (1994). "Reanimating the face: early writings by Duchenne and Darwin on the neurology of facial emotion expression". Journal of the history of the neurosciences. ۳ (۱): ۲۱–۳۳. PMID ۱۱۶۱۸۸۰۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Ostini, S (1993). "[Faradization according to Duchenne de Boulogne (1855)]". Revue médicale de la Suisse romande. ۱۱۳ (۳): ۲۴۵–۶. PMID ۸۴۸۰۱۲۲. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Borg, K (1992). "The man behind the syndrome: Guillaume Duchenne". Journal of the history of the neurosciences. ۱ (۲): ۱۴۵–۵۴. PMID ۱۱۶۱۸۴۲۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Borg, K (1991). "[The man behind the syndrome: Guillaume Duchenne. The frozen out "country bumpkin" who showed the way for research on neuromuscular diseases]". Lakartidningen. ۸۸ (۱۲): ۱۰۹۱–۳. PMID ۲۰۱۶۹۴۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Reincke, H (1990). "Duchenne de Boulogne: electrodiagnosis of poliomyelitis". Muscle Nerve. ۱۳ (۱): ۵۶–۶۲. doi:10.1002/mus.880130111. PMID ۲۱۸۳۰۴۵. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Nelson, K R (1989). "Vignette. Duchenne de Boulogne and the muscle biopsy". J. Child Neurol. ۴ (۴): ۳۱۵. doi:۱۰٫۱۱۷۷/۰۸۸۳۰۷۳۸۸۹۰۰۴۰۰۴۱۳. PMID ۲۶۷۷۱۱۶. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Tayeau, F (1985). "[My compatriot: Guillaume Duchenne]". Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. ۱۶۹ (۹): ۱۴۰۱–۱۲. PMID ۳۹۱۵۴۳۹. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Cuthbertson, R A (1985). "Duchenne de Boulogne and human facial expression". Clinical and experimental neurology. ۲۱: ۵۵–۶۷. PMID ۳۹۱۶۳۶۰. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laysummary=، |laydate= و |laysource= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Roth, N. "Duchenne and the accuracy esthetic". Medical instrumentation. ۱۳ (۵): ۳۰۸. PMID ۳۸۸۱۶۶. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laysummary=، |laydate= و |laysource= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Hueston, J T (1978). "Duchenne de Boulogne and facial expression". Annals of plastic surgery. ۱ (۴): ۴۱۱–۲۰. PMID ۳۶۵۰۶۳. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=، |laysource= و |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
Stillings, D. "Darwin and Duchenne". Medical instrumentation. ۹ (۱): ۳۷. PMID ۱۰۹۲۹۶۷. {{cite journal}}: Check |pmid= value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laysummary=، |laydate= و |laysource= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)

پیوند به بیرون

FILM/TV/Director: Documentary DUCHENNE DE BOULOGNE OU L'ANATOMIE DES PASSIONS by Mark Blezinger 1999, 26min
Artifacial Expression Contemporary artist working on Electro-Facial Choreography.
Electro-Physiognomy an 1870 book review of Duchenne's monograph, Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine.. &c.