زبان پرسمان

زبان‌های پرسمان^[۱] (به انگلیسی: Query languages) یا زبان‌های پرسمان داده (به انگلیسی: data query languages) با کوته‌نوشت (DQLs) نوعی زبان رایانه‌ای است، که از آن برای ساخت پرسمان در پایگاه‌های داده و سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی استفاده می‌شود.

یک پرسمان^[۱] یا کوئری (به انگلیسی: query) یک درخواست دقیق برای بازیابی اطلاعات از یک پایگاه داده یا سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی است.

انواع زبان پرسمان

به صورت گسترده، زبان‌‌های پرسمان را می‌توان براساس آنکه آیا آن‌ها «زبان پرسمان پایگاه‌داده» اند، یا «زبان پرسمان بازیابی اطلاعات» می‌باشند، طبقه‌بندی کرد. تفاوت به این شرح است:

• یک زبان پرسمان پایگاه داده سعی می‌کند پاسخ‌های حقیقی به سوال‌های واقعی بدهد.

• درحالیکه یک زبان پرسمان بازیابی اطلاعات سعی می‌کند اسنادی بیابد که شامل اطلاعاتی مرتبط با یک پهنه‌ی تحقیقی می‌باشند.

مثال‌ها

در ادامه مثال‌هایی از زبان پرسمان ذکر شده است:

• Atomese, the graph query language for the OpenCog graph database, the AtomSpace.
• Attempto Controlled English is a query language that is also a controlled natural language.^[۲]
• AQL is a query language for the ArangoDB native multi-model database system.
• .QL is a proprietary object-oriented query language for querying relational databases; successor of Datalog;
• Contextual Query Language (CQL) a formal language for representing queries to information retrieval systems such as web indexes or bibliographic catalogues.
• CQLF (CODYASYL Query Language, Flat) is a query language for CODASYL-type databases;
• Concept-Oriented Query Language (COQL) is used in the concept-oriented model (COM). It is based on a novel data modeling construct, concept, and uses such operations as projection and de-projection for multi-dimensional analysis, analytical operations and inference;
• Cypher is a query language for the Neo4j graph database;
• DMX is a query language for data mining models;
• Datalog is a query language for deductive databases;
• F-logic is a declarative object-oriented language for deductive databases and knowledge representation.
• FQL enables you to use a SQL-style interface to query the data exposed by the Graph API. It provides advanced features not available in the Graph API.^[۳]
• Gellish English is a language that can be used for queries in Gellish English Databases, for dialogues (requests and responses) as well as for information modeling and knowledge modeling;^[۴]
• Gremlin is an Apache Software Foundation graph traversal language for OLTP and OLAP graph systems.
• GraphQL is a data query language developed by Facebook as an alternate to REST and ad-hoc webservice architectures.
• HTSQL is a query language that translates HTTP queries to SQL;
• ISBL is a query language for PRTV, one of the earliest relational database management systems;
• Jaql is a functional data processing and query language most commonly used for JSON query processing;
• LINQ query-expressions is a way to query various data sources from .NET languages
• LDAP is an application protocol for querying and modifying directory services running over TCP/IP;
• LogiQL is a variant of Datalog and is the query language for the LogicBlox system.
• MQL is a cheminformatics query language for a substructure search allowing beside nominal properties also numerical properties;
• MDX is a query language for OLAP databases;
• N1QL is a Couchbase's query language finding data in Couchbase Servers;
• OQL is Object Query Language;
• OCL (Object Constraint Language). Despite its name, OCL is also an object query language and an OMG standard;
• OPath , intended for use in querying WinFS Stores;
• OttoQL, intended for querying tables, XML, and databases;
• Poliqarp Query Language is a special query language designed to analyze annotated text. Used in the Poliqarp search engine;
• PQL is a special-purpose programming language for managing process models based on information about scenarios that these models describe;
• QUEL is a relational database access language, similar in most ways to SQL;
• RDQL is a RDF query language;
• ReQL is a query language used in RethinkDB;
• SMARTS is the cheminformatics standard for a substructure search;
• SPARQL is a query language for RDF graphs;
• SPL is a search language for machine-generated big data, based upon Unix Piping and SQL.
• SCL is the Software Control Language to query and manipulate Endevor objects
• SQL is a well known query language and data manipulation language for relational databases;
• SuprTool is a proprietary query language for SuprTool, a database access program used for accessing data in Image/SQL (formerly TurboIMAGE) and Oracle databases;
• TMQL Topic Map Query Language is a query language for Topic Maps;
• TQL is a language used to query topology for HP products
• Tutorial D is a query language for truly relational database management systems (TRDBMS);
• U-SQL is a data processing language invented at Microsoft
• XQuery is a query language for XML data sources;
• XPath is a declarative language for navigating XML documents;
• XSPARQL is an integrated query language combining XQuery with SPARQL to query both XML and RDF data sources at once;
• XXXQL is an integrated query language for adults entreteinment sites;
• YQL is an SQL-like query language created by Yahoo!
• Search engine query languages, e.g., as used by Google^[۵] or Bing^[۶]

پانویس

1. «پُرسمان» [رایانه و فنّاوری اطلاعات] هم‌ارزِ «query»؛ منبع: گروه واژه‌گزینی. جواد میرشکاری، ویراستار. دفتر سوم. فرهنگ واژه‌های مصوب فرهنگستان. تهران: انتشارات فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی. شابک ۹۶۴-۷۵۳۱-۵۰-۸ (ذیل سرواژهٔ پُرسمان)
2. Norbert E. Fuchs; Kaarel Kaljurand; Gerold Schneider (2006). "Attempto Controlled English Meets the Challenges of Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, Interoperability and User Interfaces" (PDF). FLAIRS 2006.
3. "FQL Overview". Facebook Developers. Archived from the original on 2013-12-18. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
4. http://gellish.wiki.sourceforge.net/Querying+a+Gellish+English+database%5Bپیوند+مرده%5D
5. "Search operators". Google. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
6. "Bing Query Language". Microsoft. Retrieved August 22, 2015.

منابع

• مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Query language». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۷ مهٔ ۲۰۲۰.