Sten (püstolkuulipilduja)

Sten (püstolkuulipilduja)
Tüüp	püstolkuulipilduja
Päritoluriik	Suurbritannia
Teenistusajalugu
Teenistuses	1941–1960ndad (Suurbritannias) ; 1941– (mujal)
Kasutajad	Loend
Tootmise ajalugu
Konstruktor	Reginald V. Shepherd ; Harold J. Turpin
Konstrueeritud	1940
Tootja	Mitmed
Ühiku hind	2,3£ (1942)
Toodetud ühikuid	3 700 000 – 4 600 000
Variandid	Mk. I, II, IIS, III, IV, V, VI
Tehnilised andmed
Kaal	3,2 kg (Mk II)
Pikkus	762 mm
Toru pikkus	196 mm
Padrun	9×19mm Parabellum
Tööpõhimõte	Lahtise lukuga, tagasipahvakuga
Laskekiirus	u 500–600 lasku/min
Laskemoona algkiirus	365 m/s
Tõhus laskeulatus	100 m
Söötur	32-lasuline lehtsalv

Sten (või Sten Gun) on Briti püstolkuulipilduja. Relv kasutab moona 9×19mm Parabellum ning oli Briti Rahvaste Ühenduse maade vägedes teises maailmasõjas ja Korea sõjas väga levinud. Kuna Sten on lihtsa konstruktsiooniga ning seda oli väga odav toota, oli see vastupanuliikumiste jaoks sobilik. Irregulaarväed kasutavad seda mõnel pool maailmas tänapäevani. Briti vägedes vahetati Sten 1960. aastatel välja selle eeskujul konstrueeritud Sterlinguga.

Quick Facts Tüüp, Päritoluriik ...

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Sten on valikulise tulerežiimiga tagasipahvakuga ümberlaadiv püstolkuulipilduja, mille salv kinnitub vasakule küljele, mitte alla. Relva nimi on akronüüm selle konstruktorite Regonald Shepherdi ja Harold Turpini nimedest. Kaks viimast tähte tähistavad Enfieldi tehast.^[1] 1940. aastatel toodeti Steni eri mudeleid üle nelja miljoni, mis teeb sellest teise maailmasõja toodangu arvult teise püstolkuulipilduja (rohkem toodeti vaid Nõukogude relva PPŠ-41).

Albaania^[2]
Ajutine Iiri Vabariiklik Armee
Ameerika Ühendriigid
Ametlik Iiri Vabariiklik Armee
Argentina^[3]
Austraalia^[4]
Balcombe Street Gang
Bangladesh^[5]
Belgia^[6]
Briti Tseilon
Botswana^[7]
Egiptus^[7]^[8]
Filipiinid^[9]
FNLA^[10]
Grenada^[viide?]
Hiina^[11]^[3]
Holland^[12]
Iisrael:^[13]
India^[3]
Indoneesia^[3]^[14]
Itaalia^[15]
Jaapan^[6]
Jordaania^[16]
Jugoslaavia^[17]^[18]^[19]
Kanada^[4]
Katanga Riik^[20]
Keenia^[15]
Kesk-Aafrika Vabariik^[21]
Kongo^[22]
Kreeka^[23]
Kuuba^[24]^[25]
Küpros^[26]
Laose Kuningriik
Liibüa^[27]
Luksemburg^[6]
Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariik^[28]
- Edela-Aafrika^[29]
Lõuna-Vietnam^[30]
Malaisia^[7]
Malta^[6]
Myanmar^[31]
Natsi-Saksamaa^[32]^[32]
Nepal^[7]^[33]
Nigeeria^[34]
Norra^[23]^[35]
Pakistan^[36]^[3]
Poola^[37]^[38]
Portugal^[39]
Prantsusmaa^[37]^[40]^[30]
Põhja-Vietnam^[41]^[42]
Rodeesia^[43]
Sierra Leone^[44]
Soome^[45]
Suurbritannia^[46]
Taani^[47]
Taiwan^[3]
Tai^[48]
Tiibet^[49]
The Angry Brigade
Tšehhoslovakkia^[50]
Türgi^[6]
Ulsteri Kaitse Liit
Ulsteri Vabatahtlik Jõud
Uus-Meremaa^[51]

[1]
"The STEN Carbine, A Description" Model Engineer Volume 88 Issue 2195 P.509
[2]
Thompson 2012, lk 50–51.
[3]
Thompson 2012, lk 73.
[4]
Thompson 2012, lk 16.
[5]
Kalam, Zaid (29. detsember 2017). "Arms for freedom". The Daily Star.
[6]
"STEN SMG". Military Factory. Vaadatud 4. juuni 2014.
[7]
Bonn International Center for Conversion; Bundeswehr Verification Center. "Sten MP". SALW Guide: Global distribution and visual identification. Vaadatud 31. august 2018.
[8]
Smith 1969, lk 613, 615.
[9]
Thompson 2012, lk 9.
[10]
Fitzsimmons, Scott (november 2012). "Callan's Mercenaries Are Defeated in Northern Angola". Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts. Cambridge University Press. Lk 155. DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139208727.005. ISBN 9781107026919.
[11]
McCollum, Ian (13. mai 2020). "Chinese 7.62mm Sten Gun". Forgotten Weapons.
[12]
Bloomfield & Leiss, 1967, p. 79
[13]
Russell, Lee; Katz, Sam (aprill 1986). Israeli Defense Forces, 1948 to the Present. Uniforms Illustrated 12. Olympic Marketing Corp. Lk 15. ISBN 978-0853687559.
[14]
Smith 1969, lk 461.
[15]
Thompson 2012, lk 6.
[16]
Young, Peter (1972). The Arab Legion. Men-at-Arms. Osprey Publishing. Lk 24. ISBN 978-0-85045-084-2.
[17]
Scarlata, Paul (1. oktoober 2017). "Yugoslav Part II: World War II small arms: an assortment of small arms from friends and foe alike". Firearms News.
[18]
Vukšić, Velimir (juuli 2003). Tito's partisans 1941–45. Warrior 73. Osprey Publishing. Lk 24–25. ISBN 978-1-84176-675-1.
[19]
Smith 1969, lk 723.
[20]
Abbot 2014, lk 14.
[21]
Berman, Eric G.; Lombard, Louisa N. (detsember 2008). The Central African Republic and Small Arms: A Regional Tinderbox (PDF). Small Arms Survey. Lk 35, 43. ISBN 978-2-8288-0103-8. Originaali (PDF) arhiivikoopia seisuga 2. august 2014.
[22]
Abbot, Peter (veebruar 2014). Modern African Wars: The Congo 1960–2002. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Lk 15. ISBN 978-1782000761.
[23]
Thompson 2012, lk 69.
[24]
Thompson 2012, lk 67.
[25]
Weyman, Bay. "Finding Fidel: The Journey of Erik Durschmied". TV Ontario. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 14. juuli 2014. Vaadatud 16. juuni 2014.
[26]
Thompson 2012, lk 60.
[27]
"World Infantry Weapons: Libya". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 5. oktoober 2016.
[28]
"SOUTH AFRICA: The Sharpeville Massacre". Time. 4. aprill 1960. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 20. oktoober 2007.
[29]
McMullin, Jaremey (2013). Ex-Combatants and the Post-Conflict State: Challenges of Reintegration. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan. Lk 81–89. ISBN 978-1-349-33179-6.
[30]
Windrow, Martin (15. november 1998). The French Indochina War 1946–54. Men-at-Arms 322. Osprey Publishing. Lk 41. ISBN 9781855327894.
[31]
Maung, Aung Myoe (2009). Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948. ISBN 978-981-230-848-1.
[32]
Thompson 2012, lk 71.
[33]
"Legacies of War in the Company of Peace: Firearms in Nepal" (PDF). Nepal Issue Brief. Small Arms Survey (2): 4. Mai 2013. Originaali (PDF) arhiivikoopia seisuga 25. veebruar 2014.
[34]
McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.). Kent: Grange Books. Lk 185. ISBN 978-1-84013-476-6.
[35]
Smith 1969, lk 523.
[36]
Mallet, N. H. (9. detsember 2013). "The Venerable Sten – The Allies' $10 Dollar Submachine Gun". Military History Now. Vaadatud 22. märts 2014.
[37]
Thompson 2012, lk 45.
[38]
Thompson 2012, lk 56.
[39]
Smith 1969, lk 530.
[40]
Cullen, Stephen M. (2018). World War II Vichy French Security Troops. Men-at-Arms 516. Osprey Publishing. Lk 42–43. ISBN 978-1472827753.
[41]
Windrow 1998, lk 24.
[42]
Chris Bishop (1996). Vital Guide to Combat Guns and Infantry Weapons. Lk 203. ISBN 978-1853105395.
[43]
Moorcraft, Paul; McLaughlin, Peter (2008). The Rhodesian War: A Military History. Jonathan Ball Publishers. Lk 92. ISBN 978-1-86842-330-9.
[44]
"World Infantry Weapons: Sierra Leone". 2013. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 24. november 2016.
[45]
Palokangas, Markku (1991): Sotilaskäsiaseet Suomessa 1918–1988 III osa Ulkomaiset aseet. Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy. P.191
[46]
Thompson 2012, lk 4.
[47]
Thompson 2012, lk 52–53.
[48]
Goscha, Christopher (2013). Thailand and the Southeast Asian Networks of The Vietnamese Revolution, 1885-1954. Routledge. Lk 185.
[49]
Shakya, Tsering (1999). The Dragon in the Land of Shows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1949. Columbia University Press. Lk 5–6, 8–9, 11–15, 26, 31, 38–40.
[50]
Thompson 2012, lk 51–52.
[51]
Thompson 2012, lk 25.

"Sten Gun to be forerunner of invasion" September 1943 detailed article in Popular Science
Complete machinist's plans to manufacture a Sten Mk II
Sten at Modern Firearms

[1] [1]
"The STEN Carbine, A Description" Model Engineer Volume 88 Issue 2195 P.509

[FOOTNOTEThompson201250–51-2] [2]
Thompson 2012, lk 50–51.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201273-3] [3]
Thompson 2012, lk 73.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201216-4] [4]
Thompson 2012, lk 16.

[ds29Dec2017-5] [5]
Kalam, Zaid (29. detsember 2017). "Arms for freedom". The Daily Star.

[militaryfactory-6] [6]
"STEN SMG". Military Factory. Vaadatud 4. juuni 2014.

[bicc-7] [7]
Bonn International Center for Conversion; Bundeswehr Verification Center. "Sten MP". SALW Guide: Global distribution and visual identification. Vaadatud 31. august 2018.

[FOOTNOTESmith1969613,_615-8] [8]
Smith 1969, lk 613, 615.

[FOOTNOTEThompson20129-9] [9]
Thompson 2012, lk 9.

[10] [10]
Fitzsimmons, Scott (november 2012). "Callan's Mercenaries Are Defeated in Northern Angola". Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts. Cambridge University Press. Lk 155. DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139208727.005. ISBN 9781107026919.

[11] [11]
McCollum, Ian (13. mai 2020). "Chinese 7.62mm Sten Gun". Forgotten Weapons.

[ArmsControl-12] [12]
Bloomfield & Leiss, 1967, p. 79

[13] [13]
Russell, Lee; Katz, Sam (aprill 1986). Israeli Defense Forces, 1948 to the Present. Uniforms Illustrated 12. Olympic Marketing Corp. Lk 15. ISBN 978-0853687559.

[FOOTNOTESmith1969461-14] [14]
Smith 1969, lk 461.

[FOOTNOTEThompson20126-15] [15]
Thompson 2012, lk 6.

[16] [16]
Young, Peter (1972). The Arab Legion. Men-at-Arms. Osprey Publishing. Lk 24. ISBN 978-0-85045-084-2.

[17] [17]
Scarlata, Paul (1. oktoober 2017). "Yugoslav Part II: World War II small arms: an assortment of small arms from friends and foe alike". Firearms News.

[Vukšić2003-18] [18]
Vukšić, Velimir (juuli 2003). Tito's partisans 1941–45. Warrior 73. Osprey Publishing. Lk 24–25. ISBN 978-1-84176-675-1.

[FOOTNOTESmith1969723-19] [19]
Smith 1969, lk 723.

[FOOTNOTEAbbot201414-20] [20]
Abbot 2014, lk 14.

[21] [21]
Berman, Eric G.; Lombard, Louisa N. (detsember 2008). The Central African Republic and Small Arms: A Regional Tinderbox (PDF). Small Arms Survey. Lk 35, 43. ISBN 978-2-8288-0103-8. Originaali (PDF) arhiivikoopia seisuga 2. august 2014.

[Osprey_Congo-22] [22]
Abbot, Peter (veebruar 2014). Modern African Wars: The Congo 1960–2002. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Lk 15. ISBN 978-1782000761.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201269-23] [23]
Thompson 2012, lk 69.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201267-24] [24]
Thompson 2012, lk 67.

[Durschmied-25] [25]
Weyman, Bay. "Finding Fidel: The Journey of Erik Durschmied". TV Ontario. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 14. juuli 2014. Vaadatud 16. juuni 2014.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201260-26] [26]
Thompson 2012, lk 60.

[27] [27]
"World Infantry Weapons: Libya". Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 5. oktoober 2016.

[28] [28]
"SOUTH AFRICA: The Sharpeville Massacre". Time. 4. aprill 1960. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 20. oktoober 2007.

[McMullin-29] [29]
McMullin, Jaremey (2013). Ex-Combatants and the Post-Conflict State: Challenges of Reintegration. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan. Lk 81–89. ISBN 978-1-349-33179-6.

[Indochina-30] [30]
Windrow, Martin (15. november 1998). The French Indochina War 1946–54. Men-at-Arms 322. Osprey Publishing. Lk 41. ISBN 9781855327894.

[31] [31]
Maung, Aung Myoe (2009). Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948. ISBN 978-981-230-848-1.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201271-32] [32]
Thompson 2012, lk 71.

[33] [33]
"Legacies of War in the Company of Peace: Firearms in Nepal" (PDF). Nepal Issue Brief. Small Arms Survey (2): 4. Mai 2013. Originaali (PDF) arhiivikoopia seisuga 25. veebruar 2014.

[mcnab2002-34] [34]
McNab, Chris (2002). 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.). Kent: Grange Books. Lk 185. ISBN 978-1-84013-476-6.

[FOOTNOTESmith1969523-35] [35]
Smith 1969, lk 523.

[36] [36]
Mallet, N. H. (9. detsember 2013). "The Venerable Sten – The Allies' $10 Dollar Submachine Gun". Military History Now. Vaadatud 22. märts 2014.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201245-37] [37]
Thompson 2012, lk 45.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201256-38] [38]
Thompson 2012, lk 56.

[FOOTNOTESmith1969530-39] [39]
Smith 1969, lk 530.

[40] [40]
Cullen, Stephen M. (2018). World War II Vichy French Security Troops. Men-at-Arms 516. Osprey Publishing. Lk 42–43. ISBN 978-1472827753.

[FOOTNOTEWindrow199824-41] [41]
Windrow 1998, lk 24.

[42] [42]
Chris Bishop (1996). Vital Guide to Combat Guns and Infantry Weapons. Lk 203. ISBN 978-1853105395.

[43] [43]
Moorcraft, Paul; McLaughlin, Peter (2008). The Rhodesian War: A Military History. Jonathan Ball Publishers. Lk 92. ISBN 978-1-86842-330-9.

[44] [44]
"World Infantry Weapons: Sierra Leone". 2013. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 24. november 2016.

[45] [45]
Palokangas, Markku (1991): Sotilaskäsiaseet Suomessa 1918–1988 III osa Ulkomaiset aseet. Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy. P.191

[FOOTNOTEThompson20124-46] [46]
Thompson 2012, lk 4.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201252–53-47] [47]
Thompson 2012, lk 52–53.

[48] [48]
Goscha, Christopher (2013). Thailand and the Southeast Asian Networks of The Vietnamese Revolution, 1885-1954. Routledge. Lk 185.

[Shakya-49] [49]
Shakya, Tsering (1999). The Dragon in the Land of Shows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1949. Columbia University Press. Lk 5–6, 8–9, 11–15, 26, 31, 38–40.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201251–52-50] [50]
Thompson 2012, lk 51–52.

[FOOTNOTEThompson201225-51] [51]
Thompson 2012, lk 25.

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