Echallier, J.C. (1972), Villages désertés et structures agraires anciennes du Touat-Gourara (Sahara algérien)(en francés), Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques..
Crone, G.R., ed. (1937), The Voyages of Cadamosto and other documents on Western Africa in the second half of the fifteenth century, London: Hakluyt Society..
Dunn, R.E. (1977), Resistance in the Desert: Moroccan responses to French Imperialism 1881-1912, London: Croom Helm, ISBN0-85664-453-6.. Google Preview.
Hunwick, J.O. (1985), «Al-Mahîlî and the Jews of Tuwât: the demise of a community», Studia Islamica61: 155-183, JSTOR1595412..
Hunwick, J.O. (2003), Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Leiden: Brill, ISBN978-90-04-12560-5..
Hunwick, J.O. (2006), Jews of a Saharan oasis: elimination of the Tamantit community, Princeton NJ: Marcus Wiener, ISBN1-55876-346-5.. Google: Preview.
Levtzion, N.; Hopkins, J.F.P., eds. (2000), Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN1-55876-241-8.. First published in 1981.
Martin, A.G.P. (1923), Quatre siècle d’histoire marocaine, au Sahara de 1504 à 1902, au Maroc de 1894 à 1912. D’après archives et documentations indigènes(en francés), Paris: F. Alcan..