La Grandavosta kviskalo aŭ Longavosta kviskalo (Quiscalus mexicanus) estas granda paserina birdo de la familio de Ikteredoj kaj genro de Kviskaloj, kiu enhavas ses vivantajn speciojn de tre brilaj nigraj birdoj. Ĝi estas ofte misprenata kaj konfuzata kiel membro de la familio de la Korvedoj. Simile ĝi ricevas ofte la nomon "cuervo" (korvo) en areoj de Meksikio kie ne estas veraj korvoj.
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Fermi
Ties teritorio etendas el Kansaso en nordoriento al suda Kalifornio nordokcidente suden al nordokcidenta Peruo kaj nordokcidenta Venezuelo sude; la kviskala teritorio etendiĝis norden kaj okcidenten en ĵusaj jaroj. Ĝi estas komuna en Teksaso kaj Arizono en ties sudaj regionoj. Ĝi komune troviĝas en agrikulturaj regionoj kaj ĉeurbaj setlejoj, kie manĝas fruktojn, semojn kaj senvertebrulojn.
Estas konsiderinda granda seksa dimorfismo en tiu specio. Maskloj atingas ĝis 43 cm, inklude voston kiu estas preskaŭ tiom longa kiom la korpo, pezas 230 g, kaj estas nigraj kun violblua irizeca brilo en plumoj. Inoj estas multe pli malgrandaj nome 33 cm, pezas ĉirkaŭ 125 g, kaj estas ĉefe brunecnigraj, kun palbrunaj gorĝo kaj ventro.
Tiu birdo havas grandan varion de raŭkaj kaj kakofonaj alvokoj, kaj estas amplekse konsiderata bruema plagospecio, kvankam ties etendo ne estis helpata de homa enmeto (kompare kun la Eŭropa sturno).
La Grandavosta kviskalo kaj la Marmarĉa kviskalo estis iam konsiderataj kiel la sama specio.
Kelkaj specioj de kviskaloj, kutime la Grandavosta kviskalo, estas konfuzataj kun Larĝbeka korvo kiam homoj nespertaj pri birdidentigo identigas mortintan nigran birdon. Tio kutime okazas kiam oni bezonas identigi birdojn kiel kandidatoj al infekto de Okcidentnila viruso.
Libro
- Johnson, K., and B. D. Peer. 2001. Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus). In The Birds of North America, No. 576 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
Tezoj
- Carlson SJ. Ph.D. (1983). THE BIOENERGETICS OF ROOST SITE SELECTION FOR GREAT-TAILED GRACKLES (TEXAS). Texas A&M University, United States, Texas.
- Hanson MT. Ph.D. (1976). MOVEMENT PATTERNS, FLOCK PARAMETERS, AND HABITAT SELECTION IN THE GREAT-TAILED GRACKLE. Texas A&M University, United States, Texas.
- Teather KL. Ph.D. (1988). Sexual size dimorphism in great-tailed grackles: The costs of sons and daughters. Carleton University (Canada), Canada.
- Wehtje W. Ph.D. (2004). The great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus Gmelin) in the Western United States of America: Range expansion and secondary contact between subspecies. University of California, Riverside, United States, California.
Artikoloj
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- Peer BD & Sealy SG. (2001). Mechanism of egg recognition in the great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus). Bird Behavior. vol 14, no 2. p. 71-73.
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