Lamedh

Lamedh or lamed is the twelfth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic lām ل‎, Aramaic lāmaḏ 𐡋, Hebrew lāmeḏ ל‎, Phoenician lāmd 𐤋, and Syriac lāmaḏ ܠ. Its sound value is [l].

← Kaph Lamedh Mem →
Phoenician	𐤋‎
Hebrew	ל‎
Aramaic	𐡋‎
Syriac	ܠ‎
Arabic	ل‎
Phonemic representation	l, (ɫ)
Position in alphabet	12
Numerical value	30
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician
Greek	Λ
Latin	L
Cyrillic	Л

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Lambda (Λ), Latin L, and Cyrillic El (Л).

Origin

The letter is usually considered to have originated from the representation of an ox-goad, i.e. a cattle prod, or a shepherd's crook, i.e. a pastoral staff. In Proto-Semitic a goad was called *lamed-.^[1][2]

Arabic lām

lām لام
ل
Usage
Writing system	Arabic script
Type	Abjad
Language of origin	Arabic language
Sound values	l (ɫ)
Alphabetical position	23
History
Development	𐤋 𐡋 𐢐‎, 𐢑‎ ل
Other
Writing direction	Right-to-left
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

An iron cow-goad in the Israel Museum (lower right, 9th-7th century BC)

The letter is named لام lām /laːm/.

Orthography

Its form depends on its position in the word:

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ل‎	ـل‎	ـلـ‎	لـ‎

Grammatical functions

Lām has functions as a grammatical particle when used as a prefix:

• Prepositional lām (لام جارة)
• Lām of ownership (لام المُلك)
• Lām of association (لام الاختصاص)
• Lām of purpose (لام التعليل)
• Lām of absolute negation (لام الجحود)
• Imperative lām (لام الأمر)
• Lām of affirmative emphasis (لام التوكيد)

Lām-kasra (لـِ, /li/) is essentially a preposition meaning 'to' or 'for', as in لِوالدي liwālidī, 'for my father'. In this usage, it has become concatenated with other words to form new constructions often treated as independent words: for instance, لِماذا limāḏā, meaning 'why?', is derived from لـِ li and ماذا māḏā, meaning 'what?' thus getting 'for what?'. A semantically equivalent construction is found in most Romance languages, e.g. French pourquoi, Spanish por qué, and Italian perché (though ché is an archaism and not in current use).

The other construction, lām-fatḥa (لَـ /la/) is used as an emphatic particle in very formal Arabic and in certain fixed constructions, such as لَقد laqad (itself an emphatic particle for past-tense verbs) and in the conditional structure لو...لَـ law...la, effectively one of the forms of 'if...then...'.

Hebrew lamed

Orthographic variants
Various print fonts			Cursive Hebrew	Rashi script
Serif	Sans-serif	Monospaced
ל	ל	ל

Hebrew spelling: לָמֶד

Pronunciation

Lamed transcribes as an alveolar lateral approximant /l/.

Significance

Lamed in gematria represents the number 30.

With the letter Vav it refers to the Lamedvavniks, the 36 righteous people who save the world from destruction.

As an abbreviation, it can stand for litre. Also, a sign on a car with a Lamed on it means that the driver is a student of driving (the Lamed stands for lomed, learner). It is also used as the Electoral symbol for the Yisrael Beiteinu party.

As a prefix, it can have two purposes:

• It can be attached to verb roots, designating the infinitive (Daber means "speak", Ledaber means to speak).
• It can also act as a preposition meaning "to" or "for".

Character encodings

Character information

Preview	ל		ل		ܠ		ࠋ
Unicode name	HEBREW LETTER LAMED		ARABIC LETTER LAM		SYRIAC LETTER LAMADH		SAMARITAN LETTER LABAT
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1500	U+05DC	1604	U+0644	1824	U+0720	2059	U+080B
UTF-8	215 156	D7 9C	217 132	D9 84	220 160	DC A0	224 160 139	E0 A0 8B
Numeric character reference	ל	ל	ل	ل	ܠ	ܠ	ࠋ	ࠋ

Character information

Preview	𐎍		𐡋		𐤋
Unicode name	UGARITIC LETTER LAMDA		IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER LAMEDH		PHOENICIAN LETTER LEMDA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	66445	U+1038D	67659	U+1084B	67851	U+1090B
UTF-8	240 144 142 141	F0 90 8E 8D	240 144 161 139	F0 90 A1 8B	240 144 164 139	F0 90 A4 8B
UTF-16	55296 57229	D800 DF8D	55298 56395	D802 DC4B	55298 56587	D802 DD0B
Numeric character reference	𐎍	𐎍	𐡋	𐡋	𐤋	𐤋

Variants:

• U+08A6 ࢦ ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR

References

1. "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology". Egypt Exploration Society. March 3, 1916 – via Google Books.
2. Martin, Man (April 17, 2017). The Lemon Jell-O Syndrome. Unbridled Books. ISBN 9781609531423 – via Google Books.

External links