Ethosuximide
Medication used to treat absence seizures / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ethosuximide, sold under the brand name Zarontin among others, is a medication used to treat absence seizures.[4] It may be used by itself or with other antiseizure medications such as valproic acid.[4] Ethosuximide is taken by mouth.[4]
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Trade names | Zarontin, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682327 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth (capsules, solution) |
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Bioavailability | 93%[3] |
Metabolism | liver (CYP3A4, CYP2E1) |
Elimination half-life | 53 hours |
Excretion | kidney (20%) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.954 |
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Formula | C7H11NO2 |
Molar mass | 141.170 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
Melting point | 64 to 65 °C (147 to 149 °F) |
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Ethosuximide is usually well tolerated.[5] Common side effects include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and feeling tired.[4] Serious side effects include suicidal thoughts, low blood cell levels, and lupus erythematosus.[4][5] It is unclear if it has adverse effects on the fetus during pregnancy.[4] Ethosuximide is in the succinimide family of medications. Its mechanism of action is thought to be due to antagonism of the postsynaptic T-type voltage-gated calcium channel.[6]
Ethosuximide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] Ethosuximide is available as a generic medication.[4] As of 2019[update], its availability was limited in many countries, with concerns about price fixing in the United States.[9][10][11]