philosopher of science, best known for his writings on the indeterminacy of experimental criteria and on scientific development in the Middle Ages. Duhem also
Bridges as quoted in A.C. Crombie, Robert Grossetest and the Origins of Experimental Science 1100-1700 (1953) Everything in nature completes its action through
appearances? and What is the nature of reality? — do not have their source in experimental method, which is acquainted only with sensible appearances and can discover