Pyramidal cell
Projection neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pyramidal cells, or pyramidal neurons, are a type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Pyramidal cells are the primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the corticospinal tract. One of the main structural features of the pyramidal neuron is the conic shaped soma, or cell body, after which the neuron is named. Other key structural features of the pyramidal cell are a single axon, a large apical dendrite, multiple basal dendrites, and the presence of dendritic spines.[1]
Pyramidal cell | |
---|---|
Details | |
Location | Cerebral cortex esp. layers III and V |
Shape | Multipolar pyramidal |
Function | Excitatory projection neuron |
Neurotransmitter | Glutamate, GABA |
Identifiers | |
MeSH | D017966 |
NeuroLex ID | sao862606388 |
TH | H1.00.01.0.00044 |
FMA | 84105 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
Pyramidal neurons are also one of two cell types where the characteristic sign, Negri bodies, are found in post-mortem rabies infection.[2] Pyramidal neurons were first discovered and studied by Santiago Ramón y Cajal.[3][4] Since then, studies on pyramidal neurons have focused on topics ranging from neuroplasticity to cognition.