Ondansetron
Medication to prevent nausea and vomiting / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ondansetron, sold under the brand name Zofran among others, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, migraines or surgery.[9] It is also effective for treating gastroenteritis.[10][11] It can be given orally (by mouth), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intravenously (injection into a vein).[9]
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Trade names | Zofran, Atossa,[1][unreliable source?] others[2] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601209 |
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Routes of administration | orally (by mouth), rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, thin film |
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Bioavailability | ~60% |
Protein binding | 70–76% |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6) |
Elimination half-life | 5.7 hours |
Excretion | Kidney |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.110.918 |
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Formula | C18H19N3O |
Molar mass | 293.370 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include diarrhea, constipation, headache, sleepiness, and itchiness.[9] Serious side effects include QT prolongation and severe allergic reaction.[9] It appears to be safe during pregnancy but has not been well studied in this group.[9] It is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.[9] It does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.[12]
Ondansetron was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1990.[13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[14] It is available as a generic medication.[9] In 2021, it was the 79th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.[15][16]