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Naphthalene
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Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C
10H
8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass.[15] As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Naphthalene[1] | |||
Other names
white tar, camphor tar, tar camphor, naphthalin, naphthaline, antimite, albocarbon, hexalene, mothballs, moth flakes[2] | |||
Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol) |
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1421310 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.863 ![]() | ||
EC Number |
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3347 | |||
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
C10H8 | |||
Molar mass | 128.174 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | White solid crystals/ flakes | ||
Odor | Strong odor of coal tar or mothballs | ||
Density | 1.145 g/cm3 (15.5 °C)[3] 1.0253 g/cm3 (20 °C)[4] 0.9625 g/cm3 (100 °C)[3] | ||
Melting point | 78.2 °C (172.8 °F; 351.3 K) 80.26 °C (176.47 °F; 353.41 K) at 760 mmHg[4] | ||
Boiling point | 217.97 °C (424.35 °F; 491.12 K) at 760 mmHg[3][4] | ||
19 mg/L (10 °C) 31.6 mg/L (25 °C) 43.9 mg/L (34.5 °C) 80.9 mg/L (50 °C)[4] 238.1 mg/L (73.4 °C)[5] | |||
Solubility | Soluble in alcohols, liquid ammonia, Carboxylic acids, C6H6, SO2,[5] CCl4, CS2, toluene, aniline[6] | ||
Solubility in ethanol | 5 g/100 g (0 °C) 11.3 g/100 g (25 °C) 19.5 g/100 g (40 °C) 179 g/100 g (70 °C)[6] | ||
Solubility in acetic acid | 6.8 g/100 g (6.75 °C) 13.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C) 31.1 g/100 g (42.5 °C) 111 g/100 g (60 °C)[6] | ||
Solubility in chloroform | 19.5 g/100 g (0 °C) 35.5 g/100 g (25 °C) 49.5 g/100 g (40 °C) 87.2 g/100 g (70 °C)[6] | ||
Solubility in hexane | 5.5 g/100 g (0 °C) 17.5 g/100 g (25 °C) 30.8 g/100 g (40 °C) 78.8 g/100 g (70 °C)[6] | ||
Solubility in butyric acid | 13.6 g/100 g (6.75 °C) 22.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C) 131.6 g/100 g (60 °C)[6] | ||
log P | 3.34[4] | ||
Vapor pressure | 8.64 Pa (20 °C) 23.6 Pa (30 °C) 0.93 kPa (80 °C)[5] 2.5 kPa (100 °C)[7] | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
0.42438 L·atm/mol[4] | ||
-91.9·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Thermal conductivity | 98 kPa: 0.1219 W/m·K (372.22 K) 0.1174 W/m·K (400.22 K) 0.1152 W/m·K (418.37 K) 0.1052 W/m·K (479.72 K)[8] | ||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.5898[4] | ||
Viscosity | 0.964 cP (80 °C) 0.761 cP (100 °C) 0.217 cP (150 °C)[9] | ||
Structure | |||
Monoclinic[10] | |||
P21/b[10] | |||
C5 2h[10] | |||
α = 90°, β = 122.92°, γ = 90° | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
165.72 J/mol·K[4] | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
167.39 J/mol·K[4][7] | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
78.53 kJ/mol[4] | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
201.585 kJ/mol[4] | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
-5156.3 kJ/mol[4] | ||
Hazards | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Flammable, sensitizer, possible carcinogen.[11] Dust can form explosive mixtures with air | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
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Danger | |||
H228, H302, H351, H410[12] | |||
P210, P273, P281, P501[12] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 80 °C (176 °F; 353 K)[12] | ||
525 °C (977 °F; 798 K)[12] | |||
Explosive limits | 5.9%[12] | ||
Threshold limit value (TLV) |
10 ppm[4] (TWA), 15 ppm[4] (STEL) | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
1800 mg/kg (rat, oral) 490 mg/kg (rat, intravenous) 1200 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral) 533 mg/kg (mouse, oral)[13] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3)[14] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) ST 15 ppm (75 mg/m3)[14] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
250 ppm[14] | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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