The Mongolian Academy of Sciences is Mongolia's first centre of modern sciences. It came into being in 1921 when the government of newly independent Mongolia issued a resolution declaring the establishment of "The Institute of Literature and Scripts", which was later upgraded into "The Institute of Sciences" and "The Institute of Sciences and Higher Education". In 1961, it was finally reorganized as "The Mongolian Academy of Sciences" MAS. At present there are 14 research institutes and two affiliated academies under MAS.