Filiano is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the comuni (Municipalities,) of Atella, Avigliano, Forenza, Ripacandida, San Fele. The history of the town starts from the 16th century when the people of Avigliano left the ancient castrum to clear new land in the Vitalba valley, in which many towns were formed, including Filiano.