Hyaluronic acid
Anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hyaluronic acid (/ˌhaɪ.əljʊəˈrɒnɪk/;[1][2] abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans as it is non-sulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi apparatus, and can be very large: human synovial HA averages about 7 million Da per molecule, or about 20,000 disaccharide monomers,[3] while other sources mention 3–4 million Da.[4]
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
(1→4)-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gluco)-(1→3)-D-glucuronoglycan | |
Systematic IUPAC name
Poly{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4-diyl]oxy[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-6-carboxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2,5-diyl]oxy} | |
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.695 |
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PubChem CID |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
(C14H21NO11)n | |
Pharmacology | |
D03AX05 (WHO) M09AX01 (WHO), R01AX09 (WHO), S01KA01 (WHO) | |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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The average 70 kg (150 lb) person has roughly 15 grams of hyaluronan in the body, one third of which is turned over (i.e., degraded and synthesized) per day.[5]
As one of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, it contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and is involved in the progression of many malignant tumors.[6][7] Hyaluronic acid is also a component of the group A streptococcal extracellular capsule,[8] and is believed to play a role in virulence.[9][10][11]