Gabapentin
Anticonvulsant medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gabapentin, sold under the brand name Neurontin among others, is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat partial seizures and neuropathic pain.[7][10] It is a commonly used medication for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and central pain.[11] It is moderately effective: about 30–40% of those given gabapentin for diabetic neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia have a meaningful benefit.[12]
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Trade names | Neurontin, others[1] |
Other names | CI-945; GOE-3450; DM-1796 (Gralise) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a694007 |
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Dependence liability | Physical: High[3] Psychological: Moderate |
Addiction liability | Low[4] |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Gabapentinoid |
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Bioavailability | 27–60% (inversely proportional to dose; a high fat meal also increases bioavailability)[8][9] |
Protein binding | Less than 3%[8][9] |
Metabolism | Not significantly metabolized[8][9] |
Elimination half-life | 5 to 7 hours[8][9] |
Excretion | Kidney[8][9] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.056.415 |
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Formula | C9H17NO2 |
Molar mass | 171.240 g·mol−1 |
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Sleepiness and dizziness are the most common side effects. Serious side effects include an increased risk of suicide, respiratory depression, and allergic reactions.[7] Lower doses are recommended in those with kidney disease.[7] Gabapentin acts by decreasing activity of a subset of calcium channels.[13][14][15]
Gabapentin was first approved for use in 1993.[16] It has been available as a generic medication in the United States since 2004.[17] In 2021, it was the tenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 47 million prescriptions.[18][19] During the 1990s, Parke-Davis, a subsidiary of Pfizer, used a number of illegal techniques to encourage physicians in the United States to prescribe gabapentin for unapproved uses.[20] They have paid out millions of dollars to settle lawsuits regarding these activities.[21]