Formaldehyde
Organic compound (H–CHO); simplest aldehyde / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about formaldehyde?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
Formaldehyde (/fɔːrˈmældɪhaɪd/ ⓘ for-MAL-di-hide, US also /fər-/ ⓘ fər-) (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2O and structure H−CHO, more precisely H2C=O. The compound is a pungent, colourless gas that polymerises spontaneously into paraformaldehyde. It is stored as aqueous solutions (formalin), which consists mainly of the hydrate CH2(OH)2. It is the simplest of the aldehydes (R−CHO). As a precursor to many other materials and chemical compounds, in 2006 the global production of formaldehyde was estimated at 12 million tons per year.[14] It is mainly used in the production of industrial resins, e.g., for particle board and coatings. Small amounts also occur naturally.
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name
Formaldehyde[1] | |||
Systematic IUPAC name
Methanal[1] | |||
Other names
| |||
Identifiers | |||
| |||
3D model (JSmol) |
|||
3DMet | |||
1209228 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
| ||
DrugBank |
| ||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.002 | ||
EC Number |
| ||
E number | E240 (preservatives) | ||
445 | |||
KEGG |
| ||
MeSH | Formaldehyde | ||
PubChem CID |
|||
RTECS number |
| ||
UNII | |||
UN number | 2209 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
|||
| |||
| |||
Properties[2] | |||
CH2O | |||
Molar mass | 30.026 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
Density | 0.8153 g/cm3 (−20 °C)[3] (liquid) | ||
Melting point | −92 °C (−134 °F; 181 K) | ||
Boiling point | −19 °C (−2 °F; 254 K)[3] | ||
400 g/L | |||
log P | 0.350 | ||
Vapor pressure | > 1 atm[4] | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 13.27 (hydrate)[5][6] | ||
−18.6·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
2.330 D[7] | |||
Structure | |||
C2v | |||
Trigonal planar | |||
Thermochemistry[8] | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
35.387 J·mol−1·K−1 | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
218.760 J·mol−1·K−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−108.700 kJ·mol−1 | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−102.667 kJ·mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
571 kJ·mol−1 | ||
Pharmacology | |||
QP53AX19 (WHO) | |||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
[9] | |||
Danger | |||
H301+H311+H331, H314, H317, H335, H341, H350, H370[9] | |||
P201, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340+P310, P305+P351+P338, P308+P310[9] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 64 °C (147 °F; 337 K) | ||
430 °C (806 °F; 703 K) | |||
Explosive limits | 7–73% | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
100 mg/kg (oral, rat)[10] | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
333 ppm (mouse, 2 h) 815 ppm (rat, 30 min)[11] | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
333 ppm (cat, 2 h)[11] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 0.75 ppm ST 2 ppm (as formaldehyde and formalin)[12][13] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
Ca TWA 0.016 ppm C 0.1 ppm [15-minute][12] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
Ca [20 ppm][12] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | MSDS(Archived) | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related aldehydes |
|||
Related compounds |
|||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Formaldehyde is classified as a carcinogen[note 1] and can cause respiratory and skin irritation upon exposure.[15]