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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Earthquake and subsequent tsunami in the Indian Ocean / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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On 26 December 2004, at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7), a major earthquake with a magnitude of 9.2–9.3 Mw struck with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The undersea megathrust earthquake, known by the scientific community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake,[7][8] was caused by a rupture along the fault between the Burma Plate and the Indian Plate, and reached a Mercalli intensity up to IX in some areas.
UTC time | 2004-12-26 00:58:53 |
---|---|
ISC event | 7453151 |
USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
Local date | 26 December 2004; 19 years ago (2004-12-26)[1] |
Local time | |
Duration | 10 minutes |
Magnitude | 9.2–9.3 Mw |
Depth | 30 km (19 mi)[1] |
Epicentre | 3.316°N 95.854°E / 3.316; 95.854[1] |
Type | Megathrust |
Areas affected | Indian Ocean coastline areas |
Max. intensity | MMI IX (Violent) |
Tsunami | |
Casualties | 227,898 dead[5][6] |
A massive tsunami with waves up to 30 m (100 ft) high, known as the Boxing Day Tsunami after the Boxing Day holiday, or as the Asian Tsunami,[9] devastated communities along the surrounding coasts of the Indian Ocean, killing an estimated 227,898 people in 14 countries in one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. The direct results caused major disruptions to living conditions and commerce in coastal provinces of surrounded countries, including Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu (India) and Khao Lak (Thailand). Banda Aceh reported the largest number of deaths. It is the deadliest natural disaster of the 21st century,[10] and the worst tsunami disaster in history.[11] It is also the worst natural disaster in the history of Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand.[12]
It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Asia, the most powerful earthquake in the 21st century, and at least the third most powerful earthquake ever recorded in the world since modern seismography began in 1900.[13][lower-alpha 1] It had the longest fault rupture ever observed, between 1,200 km to 1,300 km (720 mi to 780 mi), and had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, at least ten minutes.[17] It caused the planet to vibrate as much as 10 mm (0.4 in),[18] and also remotely triggered earthquakes as far away as Alaska.[19] Its epicentre was between Simeulue and mainland Sumatra.[20] The plight of the affected people and countries prompted a worldwide humanitarian response, with donations totalling more than US$14 billion[21] (equivalent to US$23 billion in 2023 currency).