海
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Japanese | 海 |
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Simplified | 海 |
Traditional | 海 |
In Chinese, the bottom right component is 母 with 2 dots, yielding 海. In Japanese shinjitai, this component is simplified to 毋 (1 cross stroke), yielding 海 (氵+毎). Both forms are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint – see Han unification.
海 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7 in Chinese and Korean, 水+6 in Japanese, 10 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水人田卜 (EOWY) or 水人田十 (EOWJ), four-corner 38157, composition ⿰氵每(GHTKV or U+FA45) or ⿰氵毎(J or U+2F901))
Historical forms of the character 海 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
呣 | *mɯ |
拇 | *mɯʔ |
母 | *mɯʔ |
胟 | *mɯʔ |
姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
畮 | *mɯʔ |
踇 | *mɯʔ |
苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
毋 | *ma |
梅 | *mɯː |
酶 | *mɯː |
鋂 | *mɯː |
每 | *mɯːʔ |
毎 | *mɯːs |
痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
晦 | *hmɯːs |
誨 | *hmɯːs |
悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
霉 | *mrɯl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *hmlɯːʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).
Probably related to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”); in numerous Zhou texts 海 is described as 晦 (Schuessler, 2007). Compare the parallelism in Chinese: 溟 (OC *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ, “ocean”) < 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”).
STEDT compares 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).
Variety | Location | 海 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xai²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /xai²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /xai¹³/ | |
Jinan | /xɛ⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /xɛ⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xai⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /xai⁵³/ | |
Xining | /xɛ⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /xɛ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xɛ⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /xai⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /xai⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /xai⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /xai⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /xæ⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /xae²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /xe̞²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xai⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /xæ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /xɛ⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /he³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /he̞⁵¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /he̞⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /he³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xɛ³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /xuə³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xai⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /xai⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /hai²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hoi³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /hoi³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔi³⁵/ |
Nanning | /hɔi³⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /hɔi³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hai⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hai³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuɛ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hai⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hai²¹³/ |
海
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 海 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 海 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 海 |
Taiwan | 海 | |
Malaysia | 海 | |
Singapore | 海 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 海 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 海 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 海 |
Wuhan | 海 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 海 |
Hefei | 海 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 海 |
Hong Kong | 海 | |
Yangjiang | 海 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 海 |
Hakka | Meixian | 海 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 海 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 海 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 海 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 海 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 海 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 海 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 海 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 海 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 海 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 海 |
Chaozhou | 海 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 海 |
Suzhou | 海 | |
Wenzhou | 海 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 海 |
Shuangfeng | 海 |
Others:
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