ybyrá

Old Tupi

Picture dictionary
tree (1)
ka'a ka'a
apó apó ypy ypy akã akã oba oba oba oba 'ybá 'ybá

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨr.^[1] The sense of cross is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro.

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɨ.βɨˈɾa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: y‧by‧rá

Noun

ybyrá (unpossessable)

1. tree

   Synonym: 'yba

   • 1622, anonymous author, “Pe, pello grosso da aruore, masto, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 68; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

     Igbigraîpigpeain

     [Ybyraypype aín]

     I stood by a tree trunk.

2. wood
   • c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “De algũas dições, que ſos per ſi nao ſignificão; mas juntas a outras partes da oração, lhe dão ſentido differente”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]‎ (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 79:

     […] Aybyrá áb […]

     [ […] Aybira'ab […] ]

     I cut wood.

3. stick
   • c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]‎ (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 67v:

     Ainupã xerayra ybyrà pupè […]

     [Aînupã xe ra'yra ybyrá pupé […] ]

     I whipped my son with a stick.

4. fence; outer wall

   Synonym: ka'aysá

5. (Christianity, Late Tupi) cross

   Synonyms: îoasaba, kurusá, ybyraîekunasaba

   • 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cantiga por "El sin ventura"”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 90, lines 8–14:

     Îandé 'anga raûsupape
     ybyrá pupé omanõmo;
     îandé repyme'engape,
     anhangape oîemoyrõmo,
     îandé raûsupa,
     îandé rarõmo
     îandé 'anga pysyrõmo.

     Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.

Derived terms

• ybyraapûaîara
• ybyrababaka
• ybyranhatimana
• ybyrapararanga
• ybyrapatagûy
• ybyrapokanga
• ybyraypypûera

 

Related terms

• ybyrapytanga

 

Descendants

• Nheengatu: mirá
• → Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

References

1. Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais‎ (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC

• Antônio Lemos Barbosa (1956) Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos [Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts]‎ (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José
• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “ybyrá”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 520, columns 1–2