venger

See also: vëngër

English

Etymology

From Middle English venger, vengere, vengeour, vengeur, from Old French vengeor, vengeur.^[1] By surface analysis, venge +‎ -er.

Noun

venger (plural vengers)

1. Obsolete form of avenger.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 37:

     His bleeding hart is in the vengers hand, / VVho ſtreight him rent in thouſand peeces ſmall, […]

   • 1891, Rudyard Kipling, The Mutiny of the Mavericks:

     And the hand of the venger shall never be stayed / Till his race, faith, and speech are a dream of the past

See also

• revenger
• avenger

References

• “venger”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

1. “venǧer(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Anagrams

• greven

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French venger, vengier, from Old French vengier, from Latin vindicāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɑ̃.ʒe/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Homophones: vengé, vengeai, vengée, vengées, vengés, vengez

Verb

venger

1. to avenge, to take revenge (upon)

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written venge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

infinitive	simple	venger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	vengeant /vɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		vengé /vɑ̃.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	venge /vɑ̃ʒ/	venges /vɑ̃ʒ/	venge /vɑ̃ʒ/	vengeons /vɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/	vengez /vɑ̃.ʒe/	vengent /vɑ̃ʒ/
	imperfect	vengeais /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/	vengeais /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/	vengeait /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/	vengions /vɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	vengiez /vɑ̃.ʒje/	vengeaient /vɑ̃.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	vengeai /vɑ̃.ʒe/	vengeas /vɑ̃.ʒa/	vengea /vɑ̃.ʒa/	vengeâmes /vɑ̃.ʒam/	vengeâtes /vɑ̃.ʒat/	vengèrent /vɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/
	future	vengerai /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/	vengeras /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/	vengera /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/	vengerons /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/	vengerez /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/	vengeront /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	vengerais /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	vengerais /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	vengerait /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	vengerions /vɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	vengeriez /vɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/	vengeraient /vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	venge /vɑ̃ʒ/	venges /vɑ̃ʒ/	venge /vɑ̃ʒ/	vengions /vɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	vengiez /vɑ̃.ʒje/	vengent /vɑ̃ʒ/
	imperfect2	vengeasse /vɑ̃.ʒas/	vengeasses /vɑ̃.ʒas/	vengeât /vɑ̃.ʒa/	vengeassions /vɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	vengeassiez /vɑ̃.ʒa.sje/	vengeassent /vɑ̃.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	venge /vɑ̃ʒ/	—	vengeons /vɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/	vengez /vɑ̃.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Conjugation of venger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

Derived terms

• vengeance
• vengeur

Further reading

• “venger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• vengar

Noun

venger m

1. indefinite plural of veng

Old French

Verb

venger

1. Alternative form of vengier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

		simple			compound
infinitive		venger			avoir vengé
gerund		en venjant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		venjant
past participle		vengé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	venge	venges	venge	venjons	vengez	vengent
	imperfect	venjoie, vengeie, venjoe, vengeve	venjoies, vengeies, venjoes, vengeves	venjoit, vengeit, venjot, vengeve	vengiiens, vengiens	vengiiez, vengiez	venjoient, vengeient, venjoent, vengevent
	preterite	venjai	venjas	venja	venjames	venjastes	vengerent
	future	vengerai	vengeras	vengera	vengerons	vengeroiz, vengereiz, vengerez	vengeront
	conditional	vengeroie, vengereie	vengeroies, vengereies	vengeroit, vengereit	vengeriiens, vengeriens	vengeriiez, vengeriez	vengeroient, vengereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	venge	venges	venge	venjons	vengez	vengent
	imperfect	venjasse	venjasses	venjast	vengissons, vengissiens	vengissoiz, vengissez, vengissiez	venjassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	venge	—	venjons	vengez	—

    Conjugation of venger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)