tym

See also: Tym and tým

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtym/

Etymology 1

Disputed.

1. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós,^[1][2] whence also Latin fūmus (“smoke”), Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós, “breath, spirit”), though the voiceless /t/ is unexpected. It may have been influenced by the Greek descendant.
2. From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō (“breath, soul”),^[3] whence also Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán), Proto-Germanic *ēþmaz, though the vowels are unexpected.
3. Borrowed from Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós).^[4] This has been challenged on semantic grounds.^[3]

Noun

tym m (plural tymra, definite tymi)

1. smoke

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tym	tymi	tymra	tymrat
accusative		tymin
dative	tymi	tymit	tymrave	tymrave
ablative			tymrash

Declension of tym

Derived terms

• tëtym
• tymnajë
• tymos
• tymues

 

References

1. Çabej, E. (1986) Studime gjuhësore (in Albanian), volume VII, Prishtinë: Rilindja, pages 217, 254
2. The template Template:R:sq:Camarda:1864 does not use the parameter(s):

   volume=I

   Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi, page 53
3. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tym”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
4. De Vaan

Further reading

• Bardhi, Frang (1635) Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 28: “fumus — tim”
• Jungg, G. (1895) “tȣm”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 163

Etymology 2

Noun

tym m (plural tymra, definite tymi)

1. (archaic) family

Atong (India)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Classifier

tym

1. classifier for fields

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɨm]

Determiner

tym

1. instrumental masculine singular of ten
2. instrumental neuter singular of ten
3. dative plural of ten

Middle English

Noun

tym

1. Alternative form of tyme (“time”)

Old Polish

Alternative forms

• tem

Etymology

Insrumental singular of ten / to. First attested in 1425.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /tɨm/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /tɨm/

Particle

tym

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) used in parallel, conditional or comparative statements; the
   • 1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I‎, Lesser Poland, page 37:

     Przeto aby naszy poddany czczą tym szyrzey slynaly, vstawyamy

     [Przeto aby naszy poddani czcią tym szyrzej słynęli, ustawiamy]

   • Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie‎, Krakow, page gl. 70b:

     Yscy velkocrocz sø to przygadza, gymcy clouek gest pøknegsy, timcy gest f serczu gorsy, a presto gdiscy mili Ihu Xc cloueka czudne stvorzy, tymcy sø richle grechu dopuscy

     [Iż ci wielkokroć się to przygadza, jimci człowiek jest piękniejszy, tymci jest w siercu gorszy, a przezto gdyż ci miły Jezu Kryst człowieka cudnie stworzy, tymci się rychle grzechu dopuści]

   • 1930 [c. 1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎, 25, 16:

     Czim wyøczey lyat ostalobi po milosciwem lyatv, tim wyøczey roscz bødze y *naem (quanto plures anni remanserint..., tanto crescet et pretium)

     [Czym więcej lat ostałoby po miłościwem latu, tym więcej rość będzie i na[j]em(quanto plures anni remanserint..., tanto crescet et pretium)]

   • 1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{, ,} , volume XXIV, page 74:

     Quanto, ale y[m] wące, autem eis precipiebat, ut tacerent, tanto magis, tym vącze, plus predicabant (Marc 7, 36)

     [Quanto, ale i[m] więce, autem eis precipiebat, ut tacerent, tanto magis, tym więce, plus predicabant (Marc 7, 36)]

2. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. then (at that time)
      • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎, page 106:

        Aoyad (pro doyad) Antypater v Rzymye byl, tym vmarl Feroras (cum... Antipater Romae esset, mortuus est Pheroras)

        [Dojąd Antypater w Rzymie był, tym umarł Feroras (cum... Antipater Romae esset, mortuus est Pheroras)]

Descendants

• Polish: tym

References

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “tym, tem”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨm (“to plant”).

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní tỹ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɨ̃m]
• Rhymes: -ɨ̃m
• Hyphenation: tym

Verb

tym (first-person singular active indicative aîotym, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîotymi, noun tyma) (transitive)

1. to plant (to place a plant or seed in soil)
   • c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 166; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

     Sepya'pe, ereîakasó, missa rendupabe'yma. Ere'u memẽ so'o 'aretéreme; ereîkó kopira resé, kó tyma.

     Out of revenge, you moved out, the reason for which you don't attend Mass. You always ate meat on the days of obligation; you were at the tillage, planting the field.

2. to burry (to place in the ground)

   Synonym: atyb

   • 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter XI, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 64v:

     M. Marampe cerecou itîmi yanondê?
     D. Aotinga pupê ynhubàni, itá caràmemoã abá timagoereima pupè ymondèpa.

     [M. Marãpe serekóû i tymy îanondé?
     D. Aotinga pupé i nhubani, itá karamemûã abá tymagûere'yma pupé i mondepa.]

     What did they do before burying him? / In white clothes they wrapped him and placed him inside a stone tomb where no one was burried.

Conjugation

Causative	tymukar
Causative-comitative	erotym
Reflexive	îetym
Deverbals
-ba'e	oîotymyba'e
emi-	emityma / mityma
-pyr(a)	i tymbyra / i tymymbyra
-sab(a)	tymbaba
-sar(a)	tymbara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîotym	ereîotym	oîotym	oroîotym	îaîotym	peîotym
Permissive	t'aîotym	t'ereîotym	t'oîotym	t'oroîotym	t'îaîotym	ta peîotym
Imperative		eîotym				peîotym
Negative indicative	n'aîotymi	n'ereîotymi	n'oîotymi	n'oroîotymi	n'îaîotymi	na peîotymi
Negative permissive	t'aîotym umẽ	t'ereîotym umẽ	t'oîotym umẽ	t'oroîotym umẽ	t'îaîotym umẽ	ta peîotym umẽ
Negative imperative		eîotym umẽ				peîotym umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	tyma
Negative	tyme'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe tyma	nde tyma	i tyma	oré tyma	îandé tyma	pe tyma
Negative	xe tyme'yma	nde tyme'yma	i tyme'yma	oré tyme'yma	îandé tyme'yma	pe tyme'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe tymi		i tymi	oré tymi	îandé tymi
Negative	xe tyme'ymi		i tyme'ymi	oré tyme'ymi	îandé tyme'ymi

    Conjugation of tym (transitive, monosyllabic, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Related terms

• emityma
• i tymbyra
• i tymymbyra
• mba'etym
• tyma
• tymaba
• tymara
• ypytym

 

Descendants

• Nheengatu: yutima

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “tym”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 486–487

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɘm/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /tɨm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɘm
• Syllabification: tym
• Homophone: Tym

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish tym. By surface analysis, the instrumental singular of ten / to.

Particle

tym

1. used in parallel, conditional, or comparative statements; the

   im więcej..., tym mniej... ― the more..., the less...

   No to tym lepiej! ― Well, then all the better!

   Im większy głód, tym lepiej smakuje. ― The greater the hunger, the better [the food] tastes.

Alternative forms

• tem (obsolete)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tym (conjunction) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 30 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 29 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 24 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 103 times, making it the 612th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

Pronoun

tym m pers

1. inflection of ten:
   1. instrumental/locative singular
   2. dative plural

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

tym n

1. inflection of to:
   1. instrumental/locative singular
   2. dative plural

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

tym f

1. dative plural of ta

References

1. Ida Kurcz (1990) “tym (conjunction)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 617

Further reading

• tym in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• tym in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “tym”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “TYM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.05.2010
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tym”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 188