sykyîé

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

• sekyîé, kysyîé

Etymology

Through metathesis of kysyîé,^[1] itself cognate with Emerillon kiʤe, Guajajára kyze, Guaraní kyhyje, Parakanã kyyxe, Tenharim kyhyji, Wayampi kyje, and Xingú Asuriní kyyje.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɨ.kɨˈjɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Hyphenation: sy‧ky‧îé

Noun

sykyîé (possessable)

1. fear (emotion caused by actual or perceived danger or threat)

   Synonym: sykyîaba

Verb

sykyîé (first-person singular active indicative asykyîé, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asykyîéî, noun sykyîé) (intransitive)

1. to fear; to be afraid [with suí or gerund ‘of something’]

   Synonym: nheangu

   • 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 55:

     […] Iudeos çuî ociquîyebo […]

     [ […] Judeus suí osykyîébo […] ]

     being afraid of the Jews

Conjugation

Causative	mondykyîé
Causative-comitative	erosykyîé
Deverbals
-ba'e	osykyîeba'e
-sab(a)	sykyîeaba / sykyîesaba
-sar(a)	sykyîeara / sykyîesara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	asykyîé	eresykyîé	osykyîé	orosykyîé	îasykyîé	pesykyîé
Permissive	t'asykyîé	t'eresykyîé	t'osykyîé	t'orosykyîé	t'îasykyîé	ta pesykyîé
Imperative		esykyîé				pesykyîé
Negative indicative	n'asykyîéî	n'eresykyîéî	n'osykyîéî	n'orosykyîéî	n'îasykyîéî	na pesykyîéî
Negative permissive	t'asykyîé umẽ	t'eresykyîé umẽ	t'osykyîé umẽ	t'orosykyîé umẽ	t'îasykyîé umẽ	ta pesykyîé umẽ
Negative imperative		esykyîé umẽ				pesykyîé umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	gûixykyîébo	esykyîébo	osykyîébo	orosykyîébo	îasykyîébo	pesykyîébo
Negative	gûixykyîee'yma	esykyîee'yma	osykyîee'yma	orosykyîee'yma	îasykyîee'yma	pesykyîee'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	sykyîé
Negative	sykyîee'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe sykyîéû		i xykyîéû	oré sykyîéû	îandé sykyîéû
Negative	xe sykyîee'ymi		i xykyîee'ymi	oré sykyîee'ymi	îandé sykyîee'ymi

    Conjugation of sykyîé (intransitive, S-starting, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Derived terms

• sykyîaba
• sykyîebora
• sykyîéba

Descendants

• Nheengatu: sikié

References

1. Antônio Lemos Barbosa (1956) Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos [Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts] (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José, page 346

Further reading

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “sykyîé”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 451, column 2