straf

Danish

Etymology

Formed from the verb straffe (“to penalize”), from Middle Low German straffen (“to punish, blame”), from Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (“to squeeze, press, graze”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsd̥ʁɑf]

Noun

straf c (singular definite straffen, plural indefinite straffe)

1. punishment, penalty

Declension

Declension of straf

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	straf	straffen	straffe	straffene
genitive	strafs	straffens	straffes	straffenes

References

1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /strɑf/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: straf
• Rhymes: -ɑf

Etymology 1

Early modern Dutch straffe, derived from straffen. Compare German Strafe.

Noun

straf f (plural straffen, diminutive strafje n)

1. a punishment, penalty, sanction
2. a discomfort, misfortune

Derived terms

• celstraf
• doodstraf
• geldstraf
• gevangenisstraf
• lijfstraf
• ongestraft
• strafbaar
• strafbal
• strafbepaling
• strafblad
• strafboek
• strafcorner
• strafexpeditie
• straffeloos
• strafinrichting
• strafkamp
• strafkolonie
• strafmaat
• strafmaatregel
• strafpunt
• strafrecht
• strafrechtbank
• strafrechter
• strafregel
• strafschop
• strafschrijven
• strafstudie
• straftijd
• strafuitvoering
• strafvordering
• strafwerk
• strafwet
• strafwetboek
• strafworp
• strafzaak
• strafzitting
• taakstraf
• vrijheidsstraf

Related terms

• straffen

Descendants

• Afrikaans: straf
• Negerhollands: straaf
• → Caribbean Javanese: setrap, strap
• → Indonesian: setrap
• → Papiamentu: straf
• → Saramaccan: sitaáfu

Verb

straf

1. inflection of straffen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Etymology 2

From late Middle Dutch straf. Further etymology is not known.

Adjective

straf (comparative straffer, superlative strafst)

1. heavy, hefty
2. spicy
3. implausible, improbable

Declension

Declension of straf
uninflected	straf
inflected	straffe
comparative	straffer
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		straf	straffer	het strafst het strafste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	straffe	straffere	strafste
	n. sing.	straf	straffer	strafste
	plural	straffe	straffere	strafste
definite		straffe	straffere	strafste
partitive		strafs	straffers	—

Synonyms

• (heavy): fel, hevig
• (spicy): pittig, gepeperd

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃtʁaːf]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

straf

1. singular imperative of strafen
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of strafen

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From German Strafe (“punishment”).

Noun

straf

1. punishment