rideo

Latin

Alternative forms

• rīdō (Late Latin)

Etymology

Uncertain origin. Roberts assigns Proto-Indo-European *wert- in the sense of turning the mouth to smile; de Vaan finds no credible Indo-European origin and rejects connections to Sanskrit व्रीडते (vrīḍate, “to be shy, bashful”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈriː.de.oː/, [ˈriːd̪eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈri.de.o/, [ˈriːd̪eo]

Verb

rīdeō (present infinitive rīdēre, perfect active rīsī, supine rīsum); second conjugation

1. (intransitive) to laugh

   Synonym: cachinnō

   Antonym: fleō

2. (transitive) to laugh at, ridicule, mock

   Synonyms: lūdificō, ēlūdō, trādūcō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.356:

     rīdet amātōrem Lȳdā puella suum.

     The Lydian girl laughs at her [would-be] lover.

   • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 3.497:

     GNATHŌ: Hahahae.
     THRASŌ: Quid rīdēs?

     GNATHO: Hahaha!
     THRASO: What are you laughing at?

Conjugation

Conjugation of rīdeō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	rīdeō	rīdēs	rīdet	rīdēmus	rīdētis	rīdent
	imperfect	rīdēbam	rīdēbās	rīdēbat	rīdēbāmus	rīdēbātis	rīdēbant
	future	rīdēbō	rīdēbis	rīdēbit	rīdēbimus	rīdēbitis	rīdēbunt
	perfect	rīsī	rīsistī	rīsit	rīsimus	rīsistis	rīsērunt, rīsēre
	pluperfect	rīseram	rīserās	rīserat	rīserāmus	rīserātis	rīserant
	future perfect	rīserō	rīseris	rīserit	rīserimus	rīseritis	rīserint
passive	present	rīdeor	rīdēris, rīdēre	rīdētur	rīdēmur	rīdēminī	rīdentur
	imperfect	rīdēbar	rīdēbāris, rīdēbāre	rīdēbātur	rīdēbāmur	rīdēbāminī	rīdēbantur
	future	rīdēbor	rīdēberis, rīdēbere	rīdēbitur	rīdēbimur	rīdēbiminī	rīdēbuntur
	perfect	rīsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	rīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	rīsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	rīdeam	rīdeās	rīdeat	rīdeāmus	rīdeātis	rīdeant
	imperfect	rīdērem	rīdērēs	rīdēret	rīdērēmus	rīdērētis	rīdērent
	perfect	rīserim	rīserīs	rīserit	rīserīmus	rīserītis	rīserint
	pluperfect	rīsissem	rīsissēs	rīsisset	rīsissēmus	rīsissētis	rīsissent
passive	present	rīdear	rīdeāris, rīdeāre	rīdeātur	rīdeāmur	rīdeāminī	rīdeantur
	imperfect	rīdērer	rīdērēris, rīdērēre	rīdērētur	rīdērēmur	rīdērēminī	rīdērentur
	perfect	rīsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	rīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	rīdē	—	—	rīdēte	—
	future	—	rīdētō	rīdētō	—	rīdētōte	rīdentō
passive	present	—	rīdēre	—	—	rīdēminī	—
	future	—	rīdētor	rīdētor	—	—	rīdentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		rīdēre	rīsisse	rīsūrum esse	rīdērī	rīsum esse	rīsum īrī
participles		rīdēns	—	rīsūrus	—	rīsus	rīdendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		rīdendī	rīdendō	rīdendum	rīdendō	rīsum	rīsū

Derived terms

• arrīdeō
• corrīdeō
• dērīdeō
• irrīdeō
• rīdibundus
• rīdiculus
• rīsibilis
• rīsiloquium
• rīsiō
• rīsitō
• rīsor
• rīsus
• subrīdeō / surrīdeō

Descendants

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant rīdĕre:^[1]

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: arãd, arãdu, ared
  • Megleno-Romanian: rǫd
  • Romanian: râde, rîde — old spelling
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: ridere, arriere, riere
• Dalmatian:
  • redro
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: rida
  • Italian: ridere
    • → Esperanto: ridi
  • Sicilian: rìdiri, arrìdiri
• North Italian:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Ligurian: rîe
    • Piedmontese: rije, rìe
  • Friulian: ridi
  • Istriot: reidi
  • Ladino: reir
  • Romansch: rir, reir (Surmiran), rier (Vallader)
  • Venetan: rìdar, rìder
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: riure
  • Franco-Provençal: rire
  • Old French: rire, ridre (archaic)
    • Middle French: rire
      • French: rire
    • Norman: rithe
    • Walloon: rire
  • Gascon: ríser, arríser, ríder, arríder
  • Old Occitan: rire, ridre
    • Occitan: rire
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: redir; riure (Ribagorçan)

Reflexes of an assumed variant *rīdīre:^[2]

• Aragonese: redir, reyir, arreguir
• Asturian: rir
• Leonese: rire, reyire, riyire
• Old Galician-Portuguese: riir
  • Galician: rir
  • Portuguese: rir
• Spanish: reír

References

1. Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rīdēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 399
2. Williams, Edwin B. 1962. From Latin to Portuguese: Historical phonology and morphology of the Portuguese language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Page 232.

Further reading

• “rideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “rideo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Félix Gaffiot (1934) “rideo”, in Dictionnaire illustré latin-français [Illustrated Latin-French Dictionary] (in French), Hachette.
• Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, volume II, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 522

Spanish

Verb

rideo

1. first-person singular present indicative of ridear