pestis

English

Noun

pestis (uncountable)

1. (uncommon) Plague.
   • 2014, John Baron, The Life of Edward Jenner M.D., Cambridge University Press, →ISBN:

     page 198: [...] a name ordinarily given, then and for ages preceding, to the bubonic pestis.
     page 213: Another species of pestis in Sauvages Nosology is, from the accounts of various writers on the Lues bovilla, intimately connected with that [of distemper].

Anagrams

• IP sets, pistes, spiest, spites, stipes

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pestis (“disease, plague”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛʃtiʃ]
• Hyphenation: pes‧tis
• Rhymes: -iʃ

Noun

pestis (plural pestisek)

1. plague

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	pestis	pestisek
accusative	pestist	pestiseket
dative	pestisnek	pestiseknek
instrumental	pestissel	pestisekkel
causal-final	pestisért	pestisekért
translative	pestissé	pestisekké
terminative	pestisig	pestisekig
essive-formal	pestisként	pestisekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	pestisben	pestisekben
superessive	pestisen	pestiseken
adessive	pestisnél	pestiseknél
illative	pestisbe	pestisekbe
sublative	pestisre	pestisekre
allative	pestishez	pestisekhez
elative	pestisből	pestisekből
delative	pestisről	pestisekről
ablative	pestistől	pestisektől
non-attributive possessive – singular	pestisé	pestiseké
non-attributive possessive – plural	pestiséi	pestisekéi

Possessive forms of pestis

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	pestisem	pestiseim
2nd person sing.	pestised	pestiseid
3rd person sing.	pestise	pestisei
1st person plural	pestisünk	pestiseink
2nd person plural	pestisetek	pestiseitek
3rd person plural	pestisük	pestiseik

Derived terms

• pestisjárvány

References

1. Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading

• pestis in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Latin

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Equated with a supposed second element of Younger Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌𐬱 (kapastiš), the name of an illness,^[1][2] which beside ka-pastiš has its morphological boundaries also rendered kap-astiš and been identified with Persian کبست (kabast, “colocynth; deadly poison”), with seemingly the suffix as Persian دهمست (dahmast, “laurel”) if not اسپست (aspest, “lucerne”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpes.tis/, [ˈpɛs̠t̪ɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpes.tis/, [ˈpɛst̪is]

Noun

pestis f (genitive pestis); third declension

1. disease, plague, pestilence, infection

   Synonyms: morbus, aegritūdō, malum, valētūdō, labor, infirmitas, incommodum

   Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.90:

     Quam simul ac tālī persēnsit peste tenērī [...].

     And as soon as [Juno] sensed that [Dido was now] gripped by such a plague [of passion] [...].
     (Erotic passion here is likened to a deadly disease.)

   • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 76.20:

     Ēripite hanc pestem perniciemque mihi!

     And rid me from this pernicious plague!

2. a pest
3. destruction, ruin, death

   Synonyms: perniciēs, interitus, ruīna, cruciātus, exitium, vulnus, cāsus, clādēs, perditiō, excidiō, excidium, lētum, dēstrūctiō

Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

	singular	plural
nominative	pestis	pestēs
genitive	pestis	pestium
dative	pestī	pestibus
accusative	pestem	pestēs pestīs
ablative	peste	pestibus
vocative	pestis	pestēs

Derived terms

• pestibilis
• pestifer
• pestilēns
• pestilentia
• pestilentus

Descendants

• Catalan: pesta
• → Hungarian: pestis
• → Italian: peste
• → Middle French: peste
  • French: peste
    • → Danish: pest
    • → German: Pest
    • → Norwegian: pest
    • → Romanian: pestă
    • → Swedish: pest
  • → Dutch: pest
  • → English: pest
• → Portuguese: peste
• → Spanish: peste
  • → Cebuano: pisti

References

• “pestis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pestis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "pestis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
    
  • to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui
    
  • to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin: pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari
    

1. Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 436
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 463