operio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *opwerjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ópi (“at, near”) (whence ob) + *h₂wer- (“to cover, shut”) +‎ *-ye-.^[1] Cognate with Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”), Lithuanian atvérti (“to open”), Proto-Slavic *ot(ъ)verti (“to open”), and Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”). See also aperiō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /oˈpe.ri.oː/, [ɔˈpɛrioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /oˈpe.ri.o/, [oˈpɛːrio]

Verb

operiō (present infinitive operīre, perfect active operuī, supine opertum); fourth conjugation

1. to cover (over something); envelop
2. (by extension) to shut, close

   Synonyms: inclūdō, interclūdō, claudō, intersaepiō, arceō, obserō

   Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō

3. (figuratively) to hide, conceal, dissemble

   Synonyms: vēlō, dissimulō, occultō, indūcō, obnūbō, occulō, condō, recondō, verrō, obruō, adoperiō, nūbō, tegō, abdō, abscondō, comprimō, prōtegō, cooperiō, premō, opprimō, mergō

   Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō

4. (figuratively) to overwhelm, burden
5. (figuratively, of a sin) to atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten

Conjugation

Conjugation of operiō (fourth conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	operiō	operīs	operit	operīmus	operītis	operiunt
	imperfect	operiēbam	operiēbās	operiēbat	operiēbāmus	operiēbātis	operiēbant
	future	operiam	operiēs	operiet	operiēmus	operiētis	operient
	perfect	operuī	operuistī	operuit	operuimus	operuistis	operuērunt, operuēre
	pluperfect	operueram	operuerās	operuerat	operuerāmus	operuerātis	operuerant
	future perfect	operuerō	operueris	operuerit	operuerimus	operueritis	operuerint
passive	present	operior	operīris, operīre	operītur	operīmur	operīminī	operiuntur
	imperfect	operiēbar	operiēbāris, operiēbāre	operiēbātur	operiēbāmur	operiēbāminī	operiēbantur
	future	operiar	operiēris, operiēre	operiētur	operiēmur	operiēminī	operientur
	perfect	opertus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	opertus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	opertus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	operiam	operiās	operiat	operiāmus	operiātis	operiant
	imperfect	operīrem	operīrēs	operīret	operīrēmus	operīrētis	operīrent
	perfect	operuerim	operuerīs	operuerit	operuerīmus	operuerītis	operuerint
	pluperfect	operuissem	operuissēs	operuisset	operuissēmus	operuissētis	operuissent
passive	present	operiar	operiāris, operiāre	operiātur	operiāmur	operiāminī	operiantur
	imperfect	operīrer	operīrēris, operīrēre	operīrētur	operīrēmur	operīrēminī	operīrentur
	perfect	opertus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	opertus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	operī	—	—	operīte	—
	future	—	operītō	operītō	—	operītōte	operiuntō
passive	present	—	operīre	—	—	operīminī	—
	future	—	operītor	operītor	—	—	operiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		operīre	operuisse	opertūrum esse	operīrī	opertum esse	opertum īrī
participles		operiēns	—	opertūrus	—	opertus	operiendus, operiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		operiendī	operiendō	operiendum	operiendō	opertum	opertū

Derived terms

• adoperiō
• cooperiō
• deoperiō
• operculum
• operīmentum
• opertāneus
• opertē
• opertiō
• opertō
• opertōrium
• opertum
• opertus

 

References

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “operiō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

Further reading

• “operio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “operio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• operio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to uncover one's head: caput aperire (opp. operire)
    
  • to close the eyes of a dying person: oculos operire (morienti)
    
  • (ambiguous) to put the finishing touch to a work: extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi)