noceo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *nokeō, from earlier *nokejō, from Proto-Indo-European *noḱé-ye-ti, causative of the root *neḱ- (“perish, disappear”). Cognate with Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati, “disappear, perish”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈno.ke.oː/, [ˈnɔkeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈno.t͡ʃe.o/, [ˈnɔːt͡ʃeo]

Verb

noceō (present infinitive nocēre, perfect active nocuī, supine nocitum); second conjugation

1. (with dative) to injure, do harm to, hurt, damage

   Synonyms: feriō, vulnerō, secō, īnfestō

   • c. 50 BCE, Publilius Syrus, Sententiae :

     Bonīs nocet quisquis pepercit malīs.

     He does harm to the good, whoever has been lenient to the bad

Usage notes

• The injury caused may be physical or emotional.

Conjugation

• In practice, the only passive forms met with in Latin are the third-person singular forms.

Conjugation of noceō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	noceō	nocēs	nocet	nocēmus	nocētis	nocent
	imperfect	nocēbam	nocēbās	nocēbat	nocēbāmus	nocēbātis	nocēbant
	future	nocēbō	nocēbis	nocēbit	nocēbimus	nocēbitis	nocēbunt
	perfect	nocuī	nocuistī	nocuit	nocuimus	nocuistis	nocuērunt, nocuēre
	pluperfect	nocueram	nocuerās	nocuerat	nocuerāmus	nocuerātis	nocuerant
	future perfect	nocuerō	nocueris	nocuerit	nocuerimus	nocueritis	nocuerint
	sigmatic future1	noxō	noxis	noxit	noximus	noxitis	noxint
passive	present	noceor	nocēris, nocēre	nocētur	nocēmur	nocēminī	nocentur
	imperfect	nocēbar	nocēbāris, nocēbāre	nocēbātur	nocēbāmur	nocēbāminī	nocēbantur
	future	nocēbor	nocēberis, nocēbere	nocēbitur	nocēbimur	nocēbiminī	nocēbuntur
	perfect	nocitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	nocitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	nocitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	noceam	noceās	noceat	noceāmus	noceātis	noceant
	imperfect	nocērem	nocērēs	nocēret	nocērēmus	nocērētis	nocērent
	perfect	nocuerim	nocuerīs	nocuerit	nocuerīmus	nocuerītis	nocuerint
	pluperfect	nocuissem	nocuissēs	nocuisset	nocuissēmus	nocuissētis	nocuissent
	sigmatic aorist1	noxim	noxīs	noxīt, noxsīt	noxīmus	noxītis	noxint
passive	present	nocear	noceāris, noceāre	noceātur	noceāmur	noceāminī	noceantur
	imperfect	nocērer	nocērēris, nocērēre	nocērētur	nocērēmur	nocērēminī	nocērentur
	perfect	nocitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	nocitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	nocē	—	—	nocēte	—
	future	—	nocētō	nocētō	—	nocētōte	nocentō
passive	present	—	nocēre	—	—	nocēminī	—
	future	—	nocētor	nocētor	—	—	nocentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		nocēre	nocuisse	nocitūrum esse	nocērī, nocērier2	nocitum esse	nocitum īrī
participles		nocēns	—	nocitūrus	—	nocitus	nocendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		nocendī	nocendō	nocendum	nocendō	nocitum	nocitū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
²The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• nocīvus
• nocumentum
• nocuus
• prīmum nōn nocēre

 

Related terms

• ēnecō
• innocēns
• necō
• nex
• nocēbō
• nocēns
• noxa

 

Descendants

• North Italian:
  • Friulian: nosê
  • Romansch: noscher, nuschair
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: nuisir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: nozer, nozir
    • Galician: nocer, nocir
  • Old Spanish: nozir, nuzir

Reflexes of an assumed variant *nocĕre:^[1]

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: nuocere
  • Sicilian: nòciri
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: nochere, noghere (Logudorese), noxiri (Campidanese)
• North Italian:
  • Old Ligurian: noxer
  • Old Lombard: noxer
    • Lombard: noeus
  • Piedmontese: neuse, nonse, nosi
  • Old Venetan: nuosere
    • Venetan: nioser, nioxer
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: noure (obsolete)
  • Franco-Provençal: nouêre
  • French: nuire
  • Occitan: noire, nòser

References

• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1985) “nucir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 243

1. Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “nŏcēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 7: N–Pas, page 162

Further reading

• “noceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “noceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• noceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.