laedo

Latin

Etymology

Of uncertain origin;^[1] proposed derivations include:

• From a Proto-Indo-European root common to Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”), λίστρον (lístron, “spade, shovel”) and Latvian lîžu (“to clear a land”). By dint of mentioning only this theory, de Vaan appears to tentatively favor this theory, albeit with heavy doubts.^[2]
• From Proto-Indo-European *slaid-, *sled-, a root common to Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to tear apart”).
• From a Proto-Indo-European root common to Old Norse lesta (“to damage”), lǫstr (“damage”) and Ancient Greek λαιδρός (laidrós, “bold”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y-dʰeh₁-e/o- (“to put in one's share”), a compound of *deh₂y- +‎ *dʰeh₁-.^[3]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈlae̯.doː/, [ˈɫ̪äe̯d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈle.do/, [ˈlɛːd̪o]

Verb

laedō (present infinitive laedere, perfect active laesī, supine laesum); third conjugation

1. to strike, collide, hurt
2. to offend
3. to thwart
4. to betray

Conjugation

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	laedō	laedis	laedit	laedimus	laeditis	laedunt
	imperfect	laedēbam	laedēbās	laedēbat	laedēbāmus	laedēbātis	laedēbant
	future	laedam	laedēs	laedet	laedēmus	laedētis	laedent
	perfect	laesī	laesistī	laesit	laesimus	laesistis	laesērunt, laesēre
	pluperfect	laeseram	laeserās	laeserat	laeserāmus	laeserātis	laeserant
	future perfect	laeserō	laeseris	laeserit	laeserimus	laeseritis	laeserint
passive	present	laedor	laederis, laedere	laeditur	laedimur	laediminī	laeduntur
	imperfect	laedēbar	laedēbāris, laedēbāre	laedēbātur	laedēbāmur	laedēbāminī	laedēbantur
	future	laedar	laedēris, laedēre	laedētur	laedēmur	laedēminī	laedentur
	perfect	laesus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	laesus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	laesus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	laedam	laedās	laedat	laedāmus	laedātis	laedant
	imperfect	laederem	laederēs	laederet	laederēmus	laederētis	laederent
	perfect	laeserim	laeserīs	laeserit	laeserīmus	laeserītis	laeserint
	pluperfect	laesissem	laesissēs	laesisset	laesissēmus	laesissētis	laesissent
passive	present	laedar	laedāris, laedāre	laedātur	laedāmur	laedāminī	laedantur
	imperfect	laederer	laederēris, laederēre	laederētur	laederēmur	laederēminī	laederentur
	perfect	laesus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	laesus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	laede	—	—	laedite	—
	future	—	laeditō	laeditō	—	laeditōte	laeduntō
passive	present	—	laedere	—	—	laediminī	—
	future	—	laeditor	laeditor	—	—	laeduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		laedere	laesisse	laesūrum esse	laedī	laesum esse	laesum īrī
participles		laedēns	—	laesūrus	—	laesus	laedendus, laedundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		laedendī	laedendō	laedendum	laedendō	laesum	laesū

   Conjugation of laedō (third conjugation)

Derived terms

• laesiō
• laesus
• ēlīdō
• collīdō

Descendants

• Old Italian: liedere
  • Italian: ledere (latinized)
• → German: lädieren

References

1. Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938) “laedo”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 749
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “laedō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 323
3. Prósper, Blanca María (2019), What became of "Sabine l"? An overlooked Proto-Italic sound law

Further reading

• “laedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “laedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• laedo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to break one's word: fidem laedere, violare, frangere
    
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “laesus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 129