kaste

See also: caste, Kaste, Kasten, and kastē

Afrikaans

Noun

kaste

1. plural of kas

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʰasd̥ə]
• Rhymes: -astə

Etymology 1

Via German Kaste from Portuguese casta (“bloodline, race, caste”), probably from the feminine of the adjective casto (“chaste”), from Latin castus.

Noun

kaste c (singular definite kasten, plural indefinite kaster)

1. caste

Declension

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kaste	kasten	kaster	kasterne
genitive	kastes	kastens	kasters	kasternes

Declension of kaste

Etymology 2

From Old Danish kastæ, from Old Norse kasta, from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), cognate with Norwegian kaste and Swedish kasta. English cast is borrowed from Old Norse.

Verb

kaste (imperative kast, infinitive at kaste, present tense kaster, past tense kastede, perfect tense har kastet)

1. to throw, to chuck

   Kaste en bold. ― Throw a ball.

2. to drop

   Kaste en bombe (fra et fly). ― Drop a bomb (from an airplane).

3. to cast

   Koen kastede sin kalv. ― The cow cast its calf.

Conjugation

	present	past
simple	kaster	kastede
perfect	har kastet	havde kastet
passive	kastes	kastedes
participle	kastende	kastet
imperative	kast	—
infinitive	kaste	—
auxiliary verb	have	—
gerund	kasten	—

Inflection of kaste

Related terms

• kaste anker
• kaste et blik på
• kaste masken
• kaste op
• kastebold
• kasteskyts
• kastevind

 

Dutch

Etymology

From Portuguese casta (“lineage, race”), from the feminine of casto (“pure, chaste”), from Latin castus (“pure, clean”). Cognate with Danish, Norwegian (see below), German Kaste, English caste, French caste etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑstə/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kas‧te
• Rhymes: -ɑstə

Noun

kaste f (plural kasten, diminutive kastetje n)

1. a caste, hereditary Indian socio-religious class (except the 'unclean' lowest) (depreciated in specialist usage)
2. a similarly closed social class, especially if rather impenetrable -notably (de facto) hereditary-, as in Ancient Egypt or various tribal and feudal societies
3. any closed, social and/or hierarchic group, such as a priesthood or a military corps
4. (obsolete) national/ethnic group or character

Derived terms

• (by caste type) officierenkaste, priesterkaste m or f
• kastegeest m
• kastenregel m
• kastenstelsel n
• kasteverdeeling, kastenverdeeling
• kastenwezen n

Anagrams

• stake

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *kastëk.

Noun

kaste (genitive kaste, partitive kastet)

1. dew

Declension

Declension of kaste (ÕS type 6/mõte, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		kaste	kasted
accusative	nom.
	gen.	kaste
genitive			kastete
partitive		kastet	kasteid
illative		kastesse	kastetesse kasteisse
inessive		kastes	kastetes kasteis
elative		kastest	kastetest kasteist
allative		kastele	kastetele kasteile
adessive		kastel	kastetel kasteil
ablative		kastelt	kastetelt kasteilt
translative		kasteks	kasteteks kasteiks
terminative		kasteni	kasteteni
essive		kastena	kastetena
abessive		kasteta	kasteteta
comitative		kastega	kastetega

Derived terms

• kastehein
• kastekann

Etymology 2

From kastma +‎ -e.

Noun

kaste (genitive kastme, partitive kastet)

1. sauce

Declension

Declension of kaste (ÕS type 5/liige, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		kaste	kastmed
accusative	nom.
	gen.	kastme
genitive			kastmete
partitive		kastet	kastmeid
illative		kastmesse	kastmetesse kastmeisse
inessive		kastmes	kastmetes kastmeis
elative		kastmest	kastmetest kastmeist
allative		kastmele	kastmetele kastmeile
adessive		kastmel	kastmetel kastmeil
ablative		kastmelt	kastmetelt kastmeilt
translative		kastmeks	kastmeteks kastmeiks
terminative		kastmeni	kastmeteni
essive		kastmena	kastmetena
abessive		kastmeta	kastmeteta
comitative		kastmega	kastmetega

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kastëk. Equivalent to kastaa (“to wet, soak”) +‎ -e.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑsteˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝s̠te̞(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑste
• Syllabification^(key): kas‧te

Noun

kaste

1. dew
2. baptism, christening

Declension

Inflection of kaste (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominative		kaste	kasteet
genitive		kasteen	kasteiden kasteitten
partitive		kastetta	kasteita
illative		kasteeseen	kasteisiin kasteihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kaste	kasteet
accusative	nom.	kaste	kasteet
	gen.	kasteen
genitive		kasteen	kasteiden kasteitten
partitive		kastetta	kasteita
inessive		kasteessa	kasteissa
elative		kasteesta	kasteista
illative		kasteeseen	kasteisiin kasteihin
adessive		kasteella	kasteilla
ablative		kasteelta	kasteilta
allative		kasteelle	kasteille
essive		kasteena	kasteina
translative		kasteeksi	kasteiksi
abessive		kasteetta	kasteitta
instructive		—	kastein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kaste (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kasteeni kasteeni accusative nom. kasteeni kasteeni gen. kasteeni genitive kasteeni kasteideni kasteitteni partitive kastettani kasteitani inessive kasteessani kasteissani elative kasteestani kasteistani illative kasteeseeni kasteisiini kasteihini adessive kasteellani kasteillani ablative kasteeltani kasteiltani allative kasteelleni kasteilleni essive kasteenani kasteinani translative kasteekseni kasteikseni abessive kasteettani kasteittani instructive — — comitative — kasteineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kasteesi kasteesi accusative nom. kasteesi kasteesi gen. kasteesi genitive kasteesi kasteidesi kasteittesi partitive kastettasi kasteitasi inessive kasteessasi kasteissasi elative kasteestasi kasteistasi illative kasteeseesi kasteisiisi kasteihisi adessive kasteellasi kasteillasi ablative kasteeltasi kasteiltasi allative kasteellesi kasteillesi essive kasteenasi kasteinasi translative kasteeksesi kasteiksesi abessive kasteettasi kasteittasi instructive — — comitative — kasteinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kasteemme kasteemme accusative nom. kasteemme kasteemme gen. kasteemme genitive kasteemme kasteidemme kasteittemme partitive kastettamme kasteitamme inessive kasteessamme kasteissamme elative kasteestamme kasteistamme illative kasteeseemme kasteisiimme kasteihimme adessive kasteellamme kasteillamme ablative kasteeltamme kasteiltamme allative kasteellemme kasteillemme essive kasteenamme kasteinamme translative kasteeksemme kasteiksemme abessive kasteettamme kasteittamme instructive — — comitative — kasteinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kasteenne kasteenne accusative nom. kasteenne kasteenne gen. kasteenne genitive kasteenne kasteidenne kasteittenne partitive kastettanne kasteitanne inessive kasteessanne kasteissanne elative kasteestanne kasteistanne illative kasteeseenne kasteisiinne kasteihinne adessive kasteellanne kasteillanne ablative kasteeltanne kasteiltanne allative kasteellenne kasteillenne essive kasteenanne kasteinanne translative kasteeksenne kasteiksenne abessive kasteettanne kasteittanne instructive — — comitative — kasteinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kasteensa kasteensa accusative nom. kasteensa kasteensa gen. kasteensa genitive kasteensa kasteidensa kasteittensa partitive kastettaan kastettansa kasteitaan kasteitansa inessive kasteessaan kasteessansa kasteissaan kasteissansa elative kasteestaan kasteestansa kasteistaan kasteistansa illative kasteeseensa kasteisiinsa kasteihinsa adessive kasteellaan kasteellansa kasteillaan kasteillansa ablative kasteeltaan kasteeltansa kasteiltaan kasteiltansa allative kasteelleen kasteellensa kasteilleen kasteillensa essive kasteenaan kasteenansa kasteinaan kasteinansa translative kasteekseen kasteeksensa kasteikseen kasteiksensa abessive kasteettaan kasteettansa kasteittaan kasteittansa instructive — — comitative — kasteineen kasteinensa

Derived terms

• aamukaste
• aikuiskaste
• henkikaste
• hunajakaste
• hätäkaste
• kasteallas
• kasteenraikas
• kastehelmi
• kasteinen
• kastejuhla
• kastejumalanpalvelus
• kastekaapu
• kastekaava
• kastekappeli
• kastekirja
• kastekirkko
• kastekäsky
• kasteliero
• kastemalja
• kastemato
• kastemekko
• kastepisara
• kastepiste
• kasteristi
• kastetilaisuus
• kastetodistus
• kastetoimitus
• kastevaate
• kastevesi
• lapsikaste
• mesikaste
• tulikaste
• upotuskaste
• uppokaste
• valelukaste
• vesikaste
• yökaste

 

Further reading

• “kaste”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• katse, saket

Karelian

Noun

kaste

1. dew

Latvian

Etymology

Related to Medieval Latin castō, from Proto-West Germanic *kastō (“box, case”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

kaste f (5th declension)

1. box

Declension

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	kaste	kastes
accusative (akuzatīvs)	kasti	kastes
genitive (ģenitīvs)	kastes	kastu
dative (datīvs)	kastei	kastēm
instrumental (instrumentālis)	kasti	kastēm
locative (lokatīvs)	kastē	kastēs
vocative (vokatīvs)	kaste	kastes

Declension of kaste (5th declension)

Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kastëk. Cognates include Finnish kaste and Estonian kaste.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑstʲe/
• Hyphenation: kas‧te
• Rhymes: -ɑstʲe

Noun

kaste (genitive kastien, partitive kastettu)

1. dew

Declension

Declension of kaste (Type 23/päre, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kaste	kastiet
genitive	kastien	kastieloin
partitive	kastettu	kastieloi
illative	kastieh	kastieloih
inessive	kasties	kastielois
elative	kastiespäi	kastieloispäi
allative	kastiele	kastieloile
adessive	kastiel	kastieloil
ablative	kastielpäi	kastieloilpäi
translative	kastiekse	kastieloikse
essive	kastiennu	kastieloinnu
abessive	kastiettah	kastieloittah
comitative	kastienke	kastieloinke
instructive		kastieloin
prolative	kastieči

References

• Tatjana Boiko (2019) Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 96

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Portuguese casta (“lineage, race”), from the feminine of casto (“pure, chaste”), from Latin castus (“pure, clean”) (cognate with Dutch kastijden (“to chastise”), English chasten, French chaste etc.), cognate with Danish, Dutch (see above) etc.

Noun

kaste m (definite singular kasten, indefinite plural kaster, definite plural kastene)

1. caste

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kasta (compare with Danish kaste, Faroese, Icelandic, Swedish kasta and English cast).

Verb

kaste (imperative kast, present tense kaster, passive kastes, simple past and past participle kasta or kastet, present participle kastende)

1. (transitive) to throw
2. (transitive) to dart
3. to cast

   kaste skygge ― cast a shadow

Derived terms

• bortkastet
• forkaste
• kaste opp
• kaster (noun)
• kringkaste
• underkaste

 

Related terms

• kast

References

• “kaste” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

kaste m (definite singular kasten, indefinite plural kastar, definite plural kastane)

1. caste

Verb

kaste (present tense kastar, past tense kasta, past participle kasta, passive infinitive kastast, present participle kastande, imperative kaste/kast)

1. Alternative form of kasta

Derived terms

• underkaste

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kastëk.

Noun

kaste

1. dew

Inflection

Inflection of kaste (inflection type 36/kaste)
nominative sing.	kaste
genitive sing.	kastken
partitive sing.	kastet
partitive plur.	kastkid
	singular	plural
nominative	kaste	kastked
accusative	kastken	kastked
genitive	kastken	kastkiden
partitive	kastet	kastkid
essive-instructive	kastken	kastkin
translative	kastkeks	kastkikš
inessive	kastkes	kastkiš
elative	kastkespäi	kastkišpäi
illative	kastkehe	kastkihe
adessive	kastkel	kastkil
ablative	kastkelpäi	kastkilpäi
allative	kastkele	kastkile
abessive	kastketa	kastkita
comitative	kastkenke	kastkidenke
prolative	kastetme	kastkidme
approximative I	kastkenno	kastkidenno
approximative II	kastkennoks	kastkidennoks
egressive	kastkennopäi	kastkidennopäi
terminative I	kastkehesai	kastkihesai
terminative II	kastkelesai	kastkilesai
terminative III	kastkessai	—
additive I	kastkehepäi	kastkihepäi
additive II	kastkelepäi	kastkilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “роса”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika