kalendae

Latin

Alternative forms

• calendae, Kalendae, Calendae

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kalēō, gerundive formation from Proto-Indo-European root *kelh₁- (“to call, summon”), referring to "the day which are called out"; compare calō.^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kaˈlen.dae̯/, [käˈɫ̪ɛn̪d̪äe̯]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kaˈlen.de/, [käˈlɛn̪d̪e]

Noun

kalendae f pl (genitive kalendārum); first declension

1. (Ancient Rome) the calends, the first day of the month

Declension

First-declension noun, plural only.

	plural
nominative	kalendae
genitive	kalendārum
dative	kalendīs
accusative	kalendās
ablative	kalendīs
vocative	kalendae

Related terms

• kalendālis
• kalendārium

Descendants

• Asturian: calienda
• Catalan: calenda
• Emilian: calaind
• Istriot: calenbre
• Italian: calende, calenne (Rieti)
• Franco-Provençal: Chalendes
• Ligurian: caende
• Lombard: carent, calendre
• Neapolitan: calenne (Old Abruzzese) ⇒ calantrella (“hot summer afternoon”)
• Old Occitan: calendas
  • Occitan: Calenda (“christmas”)
• Old Galician-Portuguese: caenda
  • Galician: quenda
• Piedmontese: calent
• Romansch: chalanda, calondas
• Sicilian: calanna, calenna ⇒ carènnula (“ides of December”)

Early borrowings:

• Celtic:
  • → Breton: kal ⇒ calemay
  • → Cornish: calan
  • → Irish: callain
  • → Welsh: calan
• → Ancient Greek: καλάνδαι (kalándai)
• → Byzantine Greek: κάλανδα (kálanda)
  • → Arabic: الْقَلَنْدَس (al-qalandas)
  • → Georgian: კალანდა (ḳalanda, “New Year”)
  • → Mingrelian: კალანდა (ḳalanda, “New Year”)
    • → Svan: კალანდა (ḳalanda), კანდა (ḳanda)
  • → Old Armenian: կաղանդ (kałand)
• → Old French: calendes
  • French: calendes
• → Proto-Slavic: *kolęda (see there for further descendants)

Late borrowings:

• Galician: calendas
• Portuguese: calendas
• Spanish: calendas

See also

• idus
• nonae

References

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “calendae”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 82

Further reading

• kalendae in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “calendae”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 81
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “calendae”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 115