gairid

Irish

Alternative forms

• geairid (Munster)
• goirid (Ulster)

Etymology

From Old Irish garait (“short”).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈɟaɾʲədʲ/^[1] (corresponding to the form geairid)
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈɡaɾʲədʲ/^[2]
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɨ̞ɾʲədʲ/, /ˈɡɛɾʲədʲ/^[3] (corresponding to the form goirid)

Adjective

gairid (genitive singular masculine gairid, genitive singular feminine gairide, plural gairide, comparative gairide)

1. short (having a small distance between ends or edges; having little duration)

Declension

Declension of gairid

Positive	singular		plural
	masculine	feminine
nominative	gairid	ghairid	gairide; ghairide2
vocative	ghairid		gairide
genitive		gairide	strong noun	weak noun
			gairide	gairid
dative	gairid; ghairid1	ghairid	gairide; ghairide2
Comparative	níos gairide
Superlative	is gairide

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

• gearr

Mutation

Mutated forms of gairid

radical	lenition	eclipsis
gairid	ghairid	ngairid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 146, page 75
2. Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 122
3. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 104, page 41

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gairid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *garyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r-; cognate with Latin garriō (“chatter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡarʲiðʲ]

Verb

gairid (conjunct ·gair, verbal noun gairm)

1. to call

   Synonym: do·gair

   • c. 750-800 Torche na nDessi from Laud 610, published in "The Expulsion of the Déssi", Ériu 3 (1907), edited by Kuno Meyer, pp. 135-142, line 171

     "Gairthir [Congraid, Rawl.] damsa tra," ar Lugith, "bar n-drúidi .i. Droch ⁊ Cecht." Con·gairter dó.

     "Call to me, then," Lugaid said, "all your druids, including Droch and Cecht." They were called to him.

   • c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 262:

     "Gairid damsa Findabair!", ol sé. Do·tháet Findabair cucai, ⁊ coíca ingen impe.

     "Call Findabair over to me!" [Ailill] said. Findabair came to [Ailill], with fifty maidens around her.

Inflection

Simple, class B II present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive

		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	1st pl	2nd pl	3rd pl	passive sg	passive pl
present indicative	abs.	gairiu, gairim	gairi	gairid	gairmi	gairthe	gairit
	conj.	·gairiu, gairim	·gairi	·gair	·gairem	·gairid	·gairet
	rel.
imperfect indicative
preterite	abs.
	conj.
	rel.
perfect	deut.
	prot.
future	abs.
	conj.
	rel.
conditional
present subjunctive	abs.
	conj.
	rel.
past subjunctive
imperative						gairid		gairthir
verbal noun		gairm
past participle
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• ad·gair
• ar·focair
• ar·gair
• as·congair
• con·gair
• do·airngir
• do·gair
• do·imgair
• do·ingair
• du·acair
• for·congair
• for·dingair
• fo·úacair
• fris·gair
• imm·freccair

Descendants

• Middle Irish: gairid
  • Irish: gair
  • Scottish Gaelic: goir

Mutation

Mutation of gairid

radical	lenition	nasalization
gairid	gairid pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/	ngairid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 533