gair

See also: Gair, gàir, and gáir

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaɾʲ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɡɛɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡɪɾʲ/ (corresponding to the form goir)

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish gairid, from Old Irish gairid,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *garyeti (compare Middle Welsh gardu (“groan”), geir (“word”)), from *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

Alternative forms

• goir

Verb

gair (present analytic gaireann, future analytic gairfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairthe)

1. to call [transitive; or intransitive with ar]
2. (literary) to invoke
3. to acclaim

Conjugation

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	gairim	gaireann tú; gairir†	gaireann sé, sí	gairimid	gaireann sibh	gaireann siad; gairid†	a ghaireann; a ghaireas / a ngaireann*; a ngaireas*	gairtear
	past	ghair mé; ghaireas	ghair tú; ghairis	ghair sé, sí	ghaireamar; ghair muid	ghair sibh; ghaireabhair	ghair siad; ghaireadar	a ghair / ar ghair*	gaireadh
	past habitual	ghairinn / ngairinn‡‡	ghairteá / ngairteᇇ	ghaireadh sé, sí / ngaireadh sé, s퇇	ghairimis; ghaireadh muid / ngairimis‡‡; ngaireadh muid‡‡	ghaireadh sibh / ngaireadh sibh‡‡	ghairidís; ghaireadh siad / ngairidís‡‡; ngaireadh siad‡‡	a ghaireadh / a ngaireadh*	ghairtí / ngairt퇇
future		gairfidh mé; gairfead	gairfidh tú; gairfir†	gairfidh sé, sí	gairfimid; gairfidh muid	gairfidh sibh	gairfidh siad; gairfid†	a ghairfidh; a ghairfeas / a ngairfidh*; a ngairfeas*	gairfear
conditional		ghairfinn / ngairfinn‡‡	ghairfeá / ngairfeᇇ	ghairfeadh sé, sí / ngairfeadh sé, s퇇	ghairfimis; ghairfeadh muid / ngairfimis‡‡; ngairfeadh muid‡‡	ghairfeadh sibh / ngairfeadh sibh‡‡	ghairfidís; ghairfeadh siad / ngairfidís‡‡; ngairfeadh siad‡‡	a ghairfeadh / a ngairfeadh*	ghairfí / ngairf퇇
subjunctive	present	go ngaire mé; go ngairead†	go ngaire tú; go ngairir†	go ngaire sé, sí	go ngairimid; go ngaire muid	go ngaire sibh	go ngaire siad; go ngairid†	—	go ngairtear
	past	dá ngairinn	dá ngairteá	dá ngaireadh sé, sí	dá ngairimis; dá ngaireadh muid	dá ngaireadh sibh	dá ngairidís; dá ngaireadh siad	—	dá ngairtí
imperative		gairim	gair	gaireadh sé, sí	gairimis	gairigí; gairidh†	gairidís	—	gairtear
verbal noun		gairm
past participle		gairthe

conjugation of gair (first conjugation – A)

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

• Alternative past participles: gartha

Alternative forms

• gairm

Derived terms

• aisghair (“abrogate; repeal”, transitive verb)
• gair ar (“call upon, summon, invoke”)
• gair de (“name, proclaim, inaugurate”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

gair

2. inflection of gar:
   1. masculine vocative/genitive singular
   2. (archaic) feminine dative singular

Noun

gair m

1. genitive singular of gar

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gair	ghair	ngair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gair”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Manx

Adjective

gair

1. Eclipsed form of cair.

Noun

gair f

1. Eclipsed form of cair.

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cair	chair	gair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scots

Alternative forms

• gare, gear, gehr, gayro, geyr, geyro

Etymology

Compare to English gore (third sense).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡeːr/
• (Orkney) IPA^(key): /ˈɡair.(o)/

Noun

gair (plural gairs)

1. (archaic) a strip of grass on a hillside, especially bright green and fertile grass

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡai̯r/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ai̯r

Noun

gair m (plural geiriau or geirau)

1. word

   gair am air ― word for word

Derived terms

• geirfa (“glossary, vocabulary”)
• geiriadur (“dictionary”)
• geiriog (“wordy, verbose”)

 

Compounds

• adleisair (“onomatopoeia, echoic word”)
• ansoddair (“adjective”)
• benthycair (“loanword”)
• cyfansoddair (“compound”)
• cymysgair (“blend, hybrid”)
• cysylltair (“conjunction”)
• ebychair (“interjection”)
• estronair (“foreign word”)
• gogwyddair (“enclitic”)
• grymusair (“intensive”)
• mwythair (“euphemism”)
• newyddair (“neologism”)
• prifair (“headword”)
• tarddair (“derivative”)

 

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gair	air	ngair	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies