duro

See also: Appendix:Variations of "duro"

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• dur (Belsetán)

Etymology

Akin to Spanish duro, from Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈduɾo/
• Rhymes: -uɾo
• Syllabification: du‧ro

Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras)

1. hard

References

• “duro”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Asturian

Verb

duro

1. first-person singular present indicative of durar

Catalan

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish duro.

Noun

duro m (plural duros)

1. (colloquial, historical) coin worth 5 pesetas

Etymology 2

Verb

duro

1. first-person singular present indicative of durar

Further reading

• “duro”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈduɾʊ]

Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras)

1. hard; rigid

   Antonyms: brando, mol

2. tough, harsh

   John Wayne representaba o arquetípico tipo duro ― John Wayne played the archetypical tough guy part

3. hard, tough (difficult)

   Synonym: difícil

   • 2019 August 13, Ruth Fernández, “A lembranza dos avós”, in Galicia Hoxe‎, archived from the original on 26 October 2019:

     É moi duro dicir adeus, ese adeus para sempre que desgarra o corazón.

     It's very hard to say goodbye, that goodbye forever that breaks your heart.

Related terms

• durar
• dureza

Adverb

duro

1. hard (with much force or effort)

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “duro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “duro”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “duro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “duro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “duro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Further reading

• “duro”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012

Etymology 2

Verb

duro

1. first-person singular present indicative of durar

Italian

Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdu.ro/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uro
• Hyphenation: dù‧ro

Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duri, feminine plural dure, superlative durissimo)

1. hard
2. tough, harsh
3. stringy (of food)
4. full-size
5. (vulgar, slang, referring to a penis) erect

Synonyms

• sodo
• solido
• turgido
• dritto
• eretto

Antonyms

• molle
• morbido
• moscio
• flaccido

Derived terms

• dura madre
• duramente
• durometro

 

Related terms

• durare
• durezza

Verb

duro

1. first-person singular present indicative of durare

Noun

duro m (plural duri)

1. hardness

Anagrams

• udrò

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈduː.roː/, [ˈd̪uːroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈdu.ro/, [ˈd̪uːro]

Etymology 1

From dūrus (“hard”) +‎ -ō (denominative).

Verb

dūrō (present infinitive dūrāre, perfect active dūrāvī, supine dūrātum); first conjugation

1. (transitive) to harden, make hard

   Synonym: obdūrō

   Antonyms: lēniō, dēlēniō, commītigō, mītigō, levō, allevō, alleviō

2. (intransitive) to last or endure

   Synonyms: maneō, cōnsistō, obdūrō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.207:

     Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.

     Endure, and preserve yourselves for better things.

3. to dry

   Synonym: siccō

   Antonyms: rigō, imbuō, perfundō

4. (Medieval Latin) to extend (to)
5. (transitive) to make insensible, dull, blunt
6. (transitive) to bear, endure, resist

   Synonyms: tolerō, sufferō, perferō, sustineō, admittō, perpetior, subeō, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, patiō, sustentō, ferō

Conjugation

Conjugation of dūrō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	dūrō	dūrās	dūrat	dūrāmus	dūrātis	dūrant
	imperfect	dūrābam	dūrābās	dūrābat	dūrābāmus	dūrābātis	dūrābant
	future	dūrābō	dūrābis	dūrābit	dūrābimus	dūrābitis	dūrābunt
	perfect	dūrāvī	dūrāvistī, dūrāstī1	dūrāvit, dūrāt1	dūrāvimus, dūrāmus1	dūrāvistis, dūrāstis1	dūrāvērunt, dūrāvēre, dūrārunt1
	pluperfect	dūrāveram, dūrāram1	dūrāverās, dūrārās1	dūrāverat, dūrārat1	dūrāverāmus, dūrārāmus1	dūrāverātis, dūrārātis1	dūrāverant, dūrārant1
	future perfect	dūrāverō, dūrārō1	dūrāveris, dūrāris1	dūrāverit, dūrārit1	dūrāverimus, dūrārimus1	dūrāveritis, dūrāritis1	dūrāverint, dūrārint1
passive	present	dūror	dūrāris, dūrāre	dūrātur	dūrāmur	dūrāminī	dūrantur
	imperfect	dūrābar	dūrābāris, dūrābāre	dūrābātur	dūrābāmur	dūrābāminī	dūrābantur
	future	dūrābor	dūrāberis, dūrābere	dūrābitur	dūrābimur	dūrābiminī	dūrābuntur
	perfect	dūrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	dūrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	dūrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	dūrem	dūrēs	dūret	dūrēmus	dūrētis	dūrent
	imperfect	dūrārem	dūrārēs	dūrāret	dūrārēmus	dūrārētis	dūrārent
	perfect	dūrāverim, dūrārim1	dūrāverīs, dūrārīs1	dūrāverit, dūrārit1	dūrāverīmus, dūrārīmus1	dūrāverītis, dūrārītis1	dūrāverint, dūrārint1
	pluperfect	dūrāvissem, dūrāssem1	dūrāvissēs, dūrāssēs1	dūrāvisset, dūrāsset1	dūrāvissēmus, dūrāssēmus1	dūrāvissētis, dūrāssētis1	dūrāvissent, dūrāssent1
passive	present	dūrer	dūrēris, dūrēre	dūrētur	dūrēmur	dūrēminī	dūrentur
	imperfect	dūrārer	dūrārēris, dūrārēre	dūrārētur	dūrārēmur	dūrārēminī	dūrārentur
	perfect	dūrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	dūrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	dūrā	—	—	dūrāte	—
	future	—	dūrātō	dūrātō	—	dūrātōte	dūrantō
passive	present	—	dūrāre	—	—	dūrāminī	—
	future	—	dūrātor	dūrātor	—	—	dūrantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		dūrāre	dūrāvisse, dūrāsse1	dūrātūrum esse	dūrārī	dūrātum esse	dūrātum īrī
participles		dūrāns	—	dūrātūrus	—	dūrātus	dūrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		dūrandī	dūrandō	dūrandum	dūrandō	dūrātum	dūrātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• dūrātiō
• ēdūrō
• indūrō

Descendants

• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Dalmatian: dorur
  • Italian: durare
• Old French: durer (see there for further descendants)
• Old Occitan: durar
  • Catalan: durar
  • Occitan: durar
• Venetian: durar
  • → Cimbrian: duraaran
• West Iberian
  • Asturian: durar
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: durar
    • Galician: durar
    • Portuguese: durar
  • Spanish: durar
• → Albanian: duroj

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

dūrō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of dūrus

References

• “duro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “duro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• durare in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• duro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “durable”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC..

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdu.ɾu/

• Rhymes: -uɾu
• Hyphenation: du‧ro

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras, comparable, comparative mais duro, superlative o mais duro or duríssimo)

1. hard (resistant to pressure; not soft)
2. hard (difficult; not easy)
3. (of a person) unrelenting; unfriendly; severe; brutal; harsh
4. (colloquial) with little or no money; hard up, broke, tapped out
5. (informal, of a penis) erect

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:duro.

Derived terms

• duramente

Related terms

• durar
• dureza

Adverb

duro (comparable, comparative mais duro, superlative o mais duro)

1. hard

   Ele trabalha duro.

   He works hard.

Etymology 2

Verb

duro

1. first-person singular present indicative of durar

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:durar.

Further reading

• “duro”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈduɾo/ [ˈd̪u.ɾo]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɾo
• Syllabification: du‧ro

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Adjective

duro (feminine dura, masculine plural duros, feminine plural duras, superlative durísimo)

1. hard

   Antonym: blando

2. firm, solid
3. hard, difficult
4. tough, resilient, strong
5. harsh, cruel, severe
6. unbearable, heavy
7. rude, offensive
8. mean, stingy, ungenerous
9. rough, uncouth
10. stiff, rigid
11. (of a penis or person with a penis) hard, erect
12. (cooking) hard-boiled
13. (slang) hardcore
14. (pornography) hardcore
15. (Mexico) drunk, tipsy

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:borracho

Derived terms

• a buen hambre no hay pan duro
• a las duras y a las maduras
• a mucha hambre, no hay pan duro
• agua dura
• cabeciduro
• cabeza dura
• disco duro
• durillo
• duro de pelar
• hacerse el duro
• huevo duro
• línea dura
• mano dura
• núcleo duro
• puro y duro
• tapa dura

 

Related terms

• durar
• dureza
• endurecer

 

Noun

duro m (plural duros)

1. hardball (i.e. a no-nonsense attitude)
3. (Spain, colloquial, historical) coin worth 5 pesetas

   Coordinate term: pela

Derived terms

• faltar el canto de un duro (“to be a close shave, to be a close call”)
• no importar lo duro, no importar cuan duro (“no matter how hard”)
• nadie da duros a pesetas (“you get what you pay for”)
• jugar duro (“to play hardball”)

Descendants

• → Catalan: duro

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

duro

1. first-person singular present indicative of durar

Further reading

• “duro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Anagrams

• rudo, urdo

Tagalog

Etymology

Compare turo.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈduɾoʔ/ [ˈd̪uː.ɾoʔ]
• Rhymes: -uɾoʔ
• Syllabification: du‧ro

Noun

durò (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜇᜓ)

1. act of pricking something with a pin (or another pointed instrument)

   Synonyms: pagduro, pagtusok, pagturok

2. puncture; prick (made by a sharp point)
3. poking with one's finger (especially with condescension)
4. (figurative) condescension toward someone (especially accompanied by finger-pointing)

Derived terms

• duro-duro
• duruan
• duruin
• iduro
• magduro
• manduro
• pagduro

 

Yoruba

Alternative forms

• dúó (Oǹdó)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dú.ɾó/

Verb

dúró

1. (intransitive) to wait

   Ìyá mi ń dúró dè wọ́n. ― My mum's waiting for them.

2. (intransitive) to stay

   Lásìkò kòrónà yìí a gbọ́dọ̀ dúró sílé. ― In these corona times we must stay at home.

3. (intransitive) to stand

   Ó dúró bí igi. ― It stood like a tree.

   Òdòdó róòsù dúró fún ìfẹ́. ― The rose stands for love.

Usage notes

• used with dè (for)

Derived terms

• dá dúró
• ìdúró
• dúró ṣinṣin
• dúró gbọn-in gbọn-in