circumdo

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from circum- (“around”) +‎ -dō/-dere (“put”) subsequently remodelled to circum- +‎ dō/dāre (“give”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kirˈkum.doː/, [kɪrˈkʊn̪d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃirˈkum.do/, [t͡ʃirˈkumd̪o]

Verb

circumdō (present infinitive circumdare, perfect active circumdedī, supine circumdatum); first conjugation, irregular

1. to surround, enclose, encircle

   Synonyms: circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, claudō, obsideō, assideō, circumsaepiō, stīpō, complector, amplector, saepiō

Conjugation

Conjugation of circumdō (first conjugation, irregular short a in most forms except dās and dā)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	circumdō	circumdās	circumdat	circumdamus	circumdatis	circumdant
	imperfect	circumdabam	circumdabās	circumdabat	circumdabāmus	circumdabātis	circumdabant
	future	circumdabō	circumdabis	circumdabit	circumdabimus	circumdabitis	circumdabunt
	perfect	circumdedī	circumdedistī	circumdedit	circumdedimus	circumdedistis	circumdedērunt, circumdedēre
	pluperfect	circumdederam	circumdederās	circumdederat	circumdederāmus	circumdederātis	circumdederant
	future perfect	circumdederō	circumdederis	circumdederit	circumdederimus	circumdederitis	circumdederint
passive	present	circumdor	circumdaris, circumdare	circumdatur	circumdamur	circumdaminī	circumdantur
	imperfect	circumdabar	circumdabāris, circumdabāre	circumdabātur	circumdabāmur	circumdabāminī	circumdabantur
	future	circumdabor	circumdaberis, circumdabere	circumdabitur	circumdabimur	circumdabiminī	circumdabuntur
	perfect	circumdatus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	circumdatus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	circumdatus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	circumdem	circumdēs	circumdet	circumdēmus	circumdētis	circumdent
	imperfect	circumdarem	circumdarēs	circumdaret	circumdarēmus	circumdarētis	circumdarent
	perfect	circumdederim	circumdederīs	circumdederit	circumdederīmus	circumdederītis	circumdederint
	pluperfect	circumdedissem	circumdedissēs	circumdedisset	circumdedissēmus	circumdedissētis	circumdedissent
passive	present	circumder	circumdēris, circumdēre	circumdētur	circumdēmur	circumdēminī	circumdentur
	imperfect	circumdarer	circumdarēris, circumdarēre	circumdarētur	circumdarēmur	circumdarēminī	circumdarentur
	perfect	circumdatus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	circumdatus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	circumdā	—	—	circumdate	—
	future	—	circumdatō	circumdatō	—	circumdatōte	circumdantō
passive	present	—	circumdare	—	—	circumdaminī	—
	future	—	circumdator	circumdator	—	—	circumdantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		circumdare	circumdedisse	circumdatūrum esse	circumdarī	circumdatum esse	circumdatum īrī
participles		circumdāns	—	circumdatūrus	—	circumdatus	circumdandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		circumdandī	circumdandō	circumdandum	circumdandō	circumdatum	circumdatū

Descendants

• Catalan: circumdar
• Friulian: circundâ
• Galician: circundar
• Italian: circondare
• Portuguese: circundar
• Spanish: circundar

References

• “circumdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “circumdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• circumdo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175