bile

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bile"

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

bile

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• enPR: bīl, IPA^(key): /baɪl/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪl

Etymology 1

Mid 16th century, via Middle French, from Latin bīlis (“bile”).

Noun

bile (usually uncountable, plural biles)

2. A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.
3. Bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility.
4. Two of the four humours, black bile or yellow bile, in ancient and medieval physiology.
   • 1890, Walter Scott, The Journal of Sir Walter Scott‎:

     I shall tire of my Journal if it is to contain nothing but biles and plasters and unguents.

   • 1616, Alexander Roberts, A Treatise of Witchcraft‎:

     He spake out of the Pythonesse, Act. 16. 17. brought downe fire from heauen, and consumed Iobs sheepe 7000. and his seruants, raised a storme, strooke the house wherein his sonnes and daughters feasted with their elder brother, smote the foure corners of it, with the ruine whereof they all were destroyed, and perished: and ouerspread the body of that holy Saint their father with botches[t] and biles from the sole of his foot to the crowne of his head.

Synonyms

• gall

Derived terms

• atrabilious
• bile acid
• bile duct
• bileful
• bile pigment
• bile salt
• bile soap
• bilestone
• biliary
• biliary tract
• biligenesis
• bilious
• bilirubin
• biliuria
• black bile
• violet red bile agar
• yellow bile

 

Translations

secretion produced by the liver

Aklanon: apdo' Albanian: vrer (sq) m Amharic: አሞት (ʾämot) Arabic: صَفْرَاء f (ṣafrāʔ) Argobba: መራሬ (märare) Armenian: լեղի (hy) (leġi), մաղձ (hy) (maġj) Aromanian: heari f Assamese: পিত (pit) Asturian: felén (ast) f, fiel (ast) f Azerbaijani: öd (az), səfra Bashkir: үт (üt) Basque: behazun (eu) Belarusian: жоўць f (žoŭcʹ) Bhojpuri: पित्त (pitt) Bulgarian: жлъчка f (žlǎčka), жлъч (bg) f (žlǎč) Burmese: သည်းခြေ (my) (sany:hkre) Catalan: bilis f, fel (ca) m or f Cebuano: apdo Chinese: Mandarin: 膽汁 / 胆汁 (zh) (dǎnzhī) Chuvash: ват (vat) Crimean Tatar: öt Czech: žluč (cs) f Dalmatian: fial m Danish: galde (da) c Dutch: gal (nl) m or f Esperanto: galo (eo) Estonian: sapp Faroese: gall n Finnish: sappi (fi) French: bile (fr) f, fiel (fr) m Friulian: fêl Galician: fel (gl) m, bile (gl) f Ge'ez: ሐሞት (ḥämot) Georgian: ნაღველი (naɣveli) German: Galle (de) f Greek: χολή (el) f (cholí) Ancient: χολή f (kholḗ) Hebrew: מרה (he) f (mara) Hindi: पित्त (hi) m (pitt) Hungarian: epe (hu) Icelandic: gall n Indonesian: empedu (id) Irish: domlas m Italian: fiele (it) m Japanese: 胆汁 (ja) (たんじゅう, tanjū) Javanese: peru (jv) Kapampangan: atdu Kazakh: өт (öt) Korean: 쓸개즙 (sseulgaejeup) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: zerav (ku) f Kyrgyz: өт (ky) (öt) Latin: bīlis f, fel n Latvian: žults m Lithuanian: tulži̇̀s Macedonian: жолчка f (žolčka) Malay: hempedu (ms) Malayalam: പിത്തം (ml) (pittaṁ) Mansaka: apdo Maori: waiate Mingrelian: ნაღმელი (naɣmeli) Mongolian: цөс (mn) (cös) Nanai: силтэ (silte) Navajo: łitsoii, atłʼizh Neapolitan: fèle m Norwegian: Bokmål: galle m Nynorsk: galle m Occitan: fèl (oc) Old Church Slavonic: зльчь f (zlĭčĭ) Old English: ġealla m Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰓 (üd² /⁠öd⁠/) Olukumi: rírorò Ossetian: маст (mast) Ottoman Turkish: اود (öd), صفرا (safra) Persian: زرداب (fa) (zardâb), زهره (fa) (zahre), صفرا (fa) (safrâ) Plautdietsch: Gaul f Polish: żółć (pl) f Portuguese: fel (pt) f, bile (pt) f, bílis (pt) f Romanian: bilă (ro) f, fiere (ro) f Russian: желчь (ru) f (želčʹ), жёлчь (ru) f (žolčʹ) Sanskrit: अग्नि (sa) m (agni), पित्त (sa) m (pitta) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: жуч f Roman: žuč (sh) f Shan: ၼမ်ႉလီ (nâ̰m lǐi) Sicilian: feli Slovak: žlč (sk) f Slovene: žolč (sl) m Sorbian: Lower Sorbian: žołc m Upper Sorbian: žołč m Spanish: bilis (es) f, hiel (es) f Svan: ნანღველ (nanɣvel) Swahili: nyongo Swedish: galla (sv) c Tagalog: apdo Tamil: பித்தநீர் (ta) (pittanīr), பிச்சு (ta) (piccu) Tatar: үт (tt) (üt) Tausug: apdu Telugu: పైత్యరసము (paityarasamu) Tetum: horun Thai: น้ำดี (th) (náam-dii) Tocharian B: pit Turkish: öd (tr), safra (tr) Ukrainian: жовч f (žovč) Urdu: پت m Uzbek: oʻt (uz) Venetan: fiel Vietnamese: mật (vi) Volapük: bil (vo) Welsh: bustl (cy) m Western Bukidnon Manobo: epezu Yiddish: גאַל f (gal) Yoruba: òróòro

bitterness of temper; ill humour

Armenian: մաղձ (hy) (maġj) Bulgarian: раздразнителност (bg) (razdraznitelnost) Chinese: Mandarin: please add this translation if you can Danish: galde (da) c Finnish: sapekkuus (fi) French: bile (fr) f Galician: fel (gl) m Greek: χολή (el) f (cholí) Japanese: please add this translation if you can Ottoman Turkish: صفرا (safra) Persian: please add this translation if you can Polish: żółć (pl) f Romanian: fiere (ro) f, irascibilitate (ro) f Russian: желчь (ru) f (želčʹ) Sorbian: Lower Sorbian: žołc m Upper Sorbian: žołč m Swedish: ilska (sv) c, gallfeber c

Etymology 2

Obsolete form of boil. Akin to Dutch buil and German Beule, all from Proto-Germanic *būlǭ.

Noun

bile (plural biles)

1. (obsolete) A boil (kind of swelling).^[1]

Verb

bile (third-person singular simple present biles, present participle biling or bileing, simple past and past participle biled)

1. Pronunciation spelling of boil.
   • 1912, Stella George Stern Perry, Melindy, page 130:

     We pretty near biled ourselves and Miss Euly done got her bes' pink apron stained, an' I dropped Sis Suky's big kitchen spoon in de hogshead of sand […]

References

1. “bile”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• -ible, Biel, beli, Lieb

Albanian

Etymology 1

Either related to bolle pl (“testicles”), or a singularized plural of *bilë, from Proto-Albanian *beila, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to strike, beat”), in which case close to Proto-Germanic *bilją (“spike, peg, nail, axe, sword, blade”). Compare English bill, German Bille (“axe”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbilɛ/

Noun

bile f (plural bile, definite bilja, definite plural bilet)

1. (childish) weenie (penis)

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bile	bilja	bile	bilet
accusative		bilen
dative	bileje	biles	bileve	bileve
ablative			bilesh

Declension of bile

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈlɛ/

Particle

bile

1. (colloquial) Reinforces what has already been said; even, in fact, furthermore

   Synonym: madje

   bile bile ― as a matter of fact

References

• “bile”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

French

Etymology

From Latin bilis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bil/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

bile f (uncountable)

1. bile

Derived terms

• bile jaune
• bile noire
• bileux
• se faire de la bile

Further reading

• “bile”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲɪlʲə/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bile, from Proto-Celtic *belyom (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yom (“leaf”).

Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)

1. tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one
2. scion; distinguished person

Derived terms

• bile buí (“corn marigold”)
• bile measa (“arbitrator”)
• biliúil (“tree-like, stately”, adjective)

 

Etymology 2

See béal (“lip”)

Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)

1. rim (of vessel)

Declension

Declension of bile (fourth declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative bile bilí vocative a bhile a bhilí genitive bile bilí dative bile bilí forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an bile na bilí genitive an bhile na mbilí dative leis an mbile don bhile leis na bilí

Mutation

Mutated forms of bile

radical	lenition	eclipsis
bile	bhile	mbile

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bile”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Italian

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

bile

Wikipedia ^it

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bīlis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbi.le/
• Rhymes: -ile
• Hyphenation: bì‧le

Noun

bile f (plural bili)

1. (physiology) bile
2. anger

Derived terms

Derived terms

• biliare
• bilioso
• bilirubina
• biliverdina

See also

• fiele

Anagrams

• beli

Latin

Noun

bīle

1. ablative singular of bīlis

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²biːl.ə/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).

Noun

bile f or m (definite singular bila or bilen, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)

1. An axe, espescially a broadaxe

Etymology 2

From bil.

Verb

bile (present tense biler, past tense bilte, past participle bilt)

1. To ride a car

References

“bile” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²biːl.ə/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).

Noun

bile f (definite singular bila, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)

1. An axe, espescially a broadaxe

Etymology 2

From bil.

Verb

bile (present tense bilar or biler, past tense bila or bilte, past participle bila or bilt)

1. To ride a car

References

“bile” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbi.le/

Noun

bile m

1. bill of a bird

   Synonym: nebb

2. trunk of an elephant

   Synonym: nypel

Descendants

• English: bill

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *belyos (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolyo- (“leaf”). Cognate with Latin folium, Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), and Old Armenian բողբոջ (bołboǰ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲilʲe/

Noun

bile m (genitive bili, nominative plural bili)

1. tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one

Declension

Masculine io-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bile	bileL	biliL
Vocative	bili	bileL	biliu
Accusative	bileN	bileL	biliuH
Genitive	biliL	bileL	bileN
Dative	biliuL	bilib	bilib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• bilech, biledach

Descendants

• Irish: bile
• Manx: billey

Mutation

Mutation of bile

radical	lenition	nasalization
bile	bile pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbile

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bilis.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.li/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.li/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.le/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.lɨ/

• Hyphenation: bi‧le

Noun

bile f (uncountable)

1. gall; bile

   Synonyms: fel, bílis

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbile]

Noun

bile f

1. inflection of bilă:
   1. indefinite plural
   2. indefinite genitive/dative singular

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bél (“lip”).^[1] Related to beul.

Noun

bile f (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)

1. lip (of mouth)
2. rim (of container)
3. brim (of hat)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bill.

Noun

bile m (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)

1. bill (for law)

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 419

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• bilèsi

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile) (Turkish bile).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bǐle/
• Hyphenation: bi‧le

Adverb

bìle (Cyrillic spelling бѝле)

1. (regional) moreover, even

   bile je i on došao čak i on

   even he came

Participle

bile (Cyrillic spelling биле)

1. feminine plural active past participle of biti

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile), from Proto-Turkic *bile (“with, together, also”). Cognate with Turkish ile.

Conjunction

bile

1. neither, even

West Frisian

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Dutch bile or Middle Low German bîle, bîl (“axe”), both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bilją.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbilə/

Noun

bile c (plural bilen, diminutive byltsje)

1. axe

Further reading

• “bile”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English boillen, from Old French boillir. This is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biːl/

Verb

bile (simple past bilethe or bilo't)

1. to boil

Derived terms

• biletha (“boiled”)

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26