Etymology 1
From Middle English alienat, from Latin aliēnātus, perfect passive participle of aliēnō (“alienate, estrange”), from aliēnus, by surface analysis, alien + -ate (adjective-forming suffix). See alien, and compare aliene.
Adjective
alienate (not comparable)
- (archaic, followed by "from") Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign
1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, line 4643:O alienate from God.
Etymology 2
From a substantivation of aliēnātus. Equivalent to alien + -ate (noun-forming suffix)
Etymology 3
From alien + -ate (verb-forming suffix)
Verb
alienate (third-person singular simple present alienates, present participle alienating, simple past and past participle alienated)
- To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.
- To estrange; to withdraw affections or attention from; to make indifferent or averse, where love or friendship before subsisted.
1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more alienates him from the realities of the present.
2023 March 22, Mike Esbester, “Staff, the public and industry will suffer”, in RAIL, number 979, page 39:In April and early May, the NUR and ASLEF threatened a three-day strike. Opinion on this was divided, both within the unions and among the public. Commentators saw the strike as likely to alienate the public and unlikely to win significant changes in terms of closures and job losses.
- To cause one to feel unable to relate.
Usage notes
Alienate is largely synonymous with estrange. However, alienate is used primarily to refer to driving off (“he alienated her with his atrocious behavior”) or to offend a group (“the imprudent remarks alienated the urban demographic”), while estrange is used rather to mean “cut off relations”, particularly in a family setting.
Translations
to estrange
- Catalan: alienar (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 疏遠/疏远 (zh) (shūyuǎn)
- Czech: odcizit (cs), odtrhnout (cs) pf, znepřátelit si pf
- Danish: fremmedgøre
- Dutch: vervreemden (nl)
- Esperanto: fremdigi
- Faroese: styggja frá sær
- Finnish: vieraannuttaa
- French: aliéner (fr)
- Galician: alienar
- German: befremden (de), entfremden (de)
- Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (framaþjan)
- Greek: αποξενώνω (el) (apoxenóno)
- Hebrew: ניכר (nikér)
- Italian: estraniarsi (it), allontanarsi (it)
- Japanese: 疎む (utomu), 疎んじる (utonjiru), 疎外する (ja) (sogai suru), 仲間外れにする (ja) (nakamahazure ni suru), ハブにする (ja) (habu ni suru)
- Latin: aliēnō, abaliēnō
- Latvian: atsvešināt
- Macedonian: о́туѓи (ótuǵi)
- Maltese: barra
- Maori: whakakaikiri
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: fremmedgjøre (no)
- Old English: āfremdan
- Polish: alienować (pl) impf, wyalienować (pl) pf, zalienować pf
- Portuguese: alienar (pt)
- Russian: отчужда́ть (ru) impf (otčuždátʹ), отчуди́ть (ru) pf (otčudítʹ); отвраща́ть (ru) impf (otvraščátʹ), отврати́ть (ru) pf (otvratítʹ); отдаля́ть (ru) impf (otdaljátʹ), отдали́ть (ru) pf (otdalítʹ)
- Spanish: alienar (es)
- Ukrainian: відчу́жувати impf (vidčúžuvaty), відчу́жити pf (vidčúžyty)
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Translations to be checked