1920, Shih-chang Hsu, translated by Bureau of Economic Information, China After the War, Peking, →OCLC, →OL, page 80:
The balance of about 9,620,000 tons is produced by Chinese private or government mines and those worked by primitive methods- such as those in Lin-yu; Tsi-chow and Ching-shing (Chihli); I-hsien, Ning-yang and Po-shan (Shantung); Hsuan-yang, Chang-teh and An-yang (Honan); P'ing-hsiang (Kiangsi); Pao-tsin, (Shansi); Hsi-hsi (Fengtian); T'ung-shan (Kiangsu); Su-hsien (Anhui); Lui-yang (Hunan);Ta-yeh and Yang-hsin (Hupeh); Yu-kan (Kiangsi) Kan-ho (Heilungkiang); and Hsuan-hua (Chihli). Compared with the world's entire output, nineteen million tons constitute only one-fiftieth part of it, while the coal produced by purely Chinese mines is only one one-hundredth part.
In 1908 Sheng obtained imperial approval for the amalgamation of the Hanyang Ironworks and the Ta-yeh and P'ing-hsiang mines to form the Han-Yeh-P'ing Coal and Iron Company Limited (Han-Yeh-P'ing mei-t'ieh ch'ang-k'uang yu-hsien kung-ssu).
With the exceptions of silk reeling, which after 1900 was increasingly performed in steam filatures, iron mining at Ta-yeh for export to Japan, and to a lesser extent oil pressing, these Chinese-owned modern industries were not engaged in processing raw materials for export.