-tella
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Etymology
-ttaa + -ella; the first suffix was adapted by analogy from the causative meaning, taking to "to refer to as" as well as probably later "to act like", while the -ella is a frequentative suffix. The analogy may have also taken place only after the use of -tella in its literal (causative-frequentative) sense for some verbs.
Suffix
-tella (front vowel harmony variant -tellä, stem -ttele-, linguistic notation -ttele- or -tellA)
- Forms verbs for calling someone by a name or a label.
- neiti (“miss”) + -tella → neiditellä (“to call someone "miss"”)
- Forms verbs that describe act of pretending to be something.
- hurskas (“pious”) + -tella → hurskastella (“to be hypocritical”)
Usage notes
Often added to the plural stem of the base noun.
Conjugation
When attached to a vowel stem:
| Inflection of -tella (Kotus type 67*C/tulla, tt-t gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ttelen | en -ttele | 1st sing. | olen -tellut | en ole -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ttelet | et -ttele | 2nd sing. | olet -tellut | et ole -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ttelee | ei -ttele | 3rd sing. | on -tellut | ei ole -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ttelemme | emme -ttele | 1st plur. | olemme -telleet | emme ole -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ttelette | ette -ttele | 2nd plur. | olette -telleet | ette ole -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ttelevat | eivät -ttele | 3rd plur. | ovat -telleet | eivät ole -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -tellaan | ei -tella | passive | on -teltu | ei ole -teltu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ttelin | en -tellut | 1st sing. | olin -tellut | en ollut -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ttelit | et -tellut | 2nd sing. | olit -tellut | et ollut -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -tteli | ei -tellut | 3rd sing. | oli -tellut | ei ollut -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ttelimme | emme -telleet | 1st plur. | olimme -telleet | emme olleet -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ttelitte | ette -telleet | 2nd plur. | olitte -telleet | ette olleet -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ttelivat | eivät -telleet | 3rd plur. | olivat -telleet | eivät olleet -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -teltiin | ei -teltu | passive | oli -teltu | ei ollut -teltu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -ttelisin | en -ttelisi | 1st sing. | olisin -tellut | en olisi -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ttelisit | et -ttelisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -tellut | et olisi -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -ttelisi | ei -ttelisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -tellut | ei olisi -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -ttelisimme | emme -ttelisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -telleet | emme olisi -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -ttelisitte | ette -ttelisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -telleet | ette olisi -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -ttelisivat | eivät -ttelisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -telleet | eivät olisi -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -teltaisiin | ei -teltaisi | passive | olisi -teltu | ei olisi -teltu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -ttele | älä -ttele | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -telkoon | älköön -telko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -tellut | älköön olko -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -telkaamme | älkäämme -telko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -telkaa | älkää -telko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -telkoot | älkööt -telko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -telleet | älkööt olko -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -teltakoon | älköön -teltako | passive | olkoon -teltu | älköön olko -teltu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -tellen | en -telle | 1st sing. | lienen -tellut | en liene -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -tellet | et -telle | 2nd sing. | lienet -tellut | et liene -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -tellee | ei -telle | 3rd sing. | lienee -tellut | ei liene -tellut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -tellemme | emme -telle | 1st plur. | lienemme -telleet | emme liene -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -tellette | ette -telle | 2nd plur. | lienette -telleet | ette liene -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -tellevat | eivät -telle | 3rd plur. | lienevät -telleet | eivät liene -telleet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -teltaneen | ei -teltane | passive | lienee -teltu | ei liene -teltu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | -tella | present | -tteleva | -teltava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | -tellut | -teltu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | -tellessa | -teltaessa | agent4 | -ttelema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -ttelematon | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -tellen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | -ttelemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | -ttelemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | -ttelemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | -ttelemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | -ttelematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -tteleman | -teltaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | -tteleminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
With consonant stems, the gradation pattern may be different, e.g. no gradation when the ending becomes -stella.
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