-kaa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kaa"

Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin

Etymology

From Japanese か (ka).

Particle

-kaa

1. marks yes/no questions
2. marks if-assumptions

References

• Komei Hosokawa (1987) Malay talk on boat: an account of Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin‎ (in Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin)

Ingrian

Etymology

Akin to Finnish -kaan.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-kɑː/, [-kɑː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-kɑː/, [-kɑː]

Particle

-kaa (front-vowel variant -kää) (enclitic)

1. Emphasises a negative sentence; (not) even
   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva:

     Ympäär ei henkiäkää.

     There is not (even) a soul around.

2. (nonproductive) Used to form negative indefinite pronouns

   ‎mi- (“what”) + ‎-kaa → ‎mikkää (“nothing”)

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -kaa

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 147

Ojibwe

Final

-kaa

1. be present, be abundant
2. move, go

Derived terms

• akiikaa
• goonikaa

See also

• niibowa
• -shkaa
• -yaa

References

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/kaa-final
• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/kaa-final-1393