짧다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 뎌르다 (Yale: tyeluta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕ͈a̠ɭt͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [짤따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jjalda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jjalbda
McCune–Reischauer?	tchalta
Yale Romanization?	ccalpta

Adjective

짧다 • (jjalda) (infinitive 짧아, sequential 짧으니)

1. (to be) short

   Antonym: 길다 (gilda, “to be long”)

   그는 다리가 짧다.

   Geu-neun dari-ga jjalda.

   He has a short leg.

Usage notes

Mainly used to describe length. When referring to a person's height, 작다 (jakda, “small”) is used.

Conjugation

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	짧다 jjalda	짧아 jjalba	짧아요 jjalbayo	짧습니다 jjalseumnida
	Past	짧았다 jjalbatda	짧았어 jjalbasseo	짧았어요 jjalbasseoyo	짧았습니다 jjalbatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	짧으냐 jjalbeunya	짧아 jjalba	짧아요 jjalbayo	짧습니까 jjalseumnikka
	Past	짧았냐 jjalbannya	짧았어 jjalbasseo	짧았어요 jjalbasseoyo	짧았습니까 jjalbatseumnikka
Assertive		짧겠다 jjalgetda	짧겠어 jjalgesseo	짧겠어요 jjalgesseoyo	짧겠습니다 jjalgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		짧아 jjalba	짧아서 jjalbaseo	짧으니 jjalbeuni	짧으니까 jjalbeunikka
Contrast		짧지만 jjaljiman	짧은데 jjalbeunde	짧더니 jjaldeoni
Conjunction		짧고 jjalgo
Condition		짧으면 jjalbeumyeon	짧아야 jjalbaya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		짧음 jjalbeum	짧기 jjalgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		짧았음 jjalbasseum	짧았기 jjalbatgi
Determiners	Present		짧은 jjalbeun
	Future		짧을 jjalbeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	짧으시다 jjalbeusida	짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo	짧으세요, 짧으셔요 jjalbeuseyo, jjalbeusyeoyo	짧으십니다 jjalbeusimnida
	Past	짧으셨다 jjalbeusyeotda	짧으셨어 jjalbeusyeosseo	짧으셨어요 jjalbeusyeosseoyo	짧으셨습니다 jjalbeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	짧으시냐 jjalbeusinya	짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo	짧으세요, 짧으셔요 jjalbeuseyo, jjalbeusyeoyo	짧으십니까 jjalbeusimnikka
	Past	짧으셨냐 jjalbeusyeonnya	짧으셨어 jjalbeusyeosseo	짧으셨어요 jjalbeusyeosseoyo	짧으셨습니까 jjalbeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		짧으시겠다 jjalbeusigetda	짧으시겠어 jjalbeusigesseo	짧으시겠어요 jjalbeusigesseoyo	짧으시겠습니다 jjalbeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo	짧으셔서 jjalbeusyeoseo	짧으시니 jjalbeusini	짧으시니까 jjalbeusinikka
Contrast		짧으시지만 jjalbeusijiman	짧으신데 jjalbeusinde	짧으시더니 jjalbeusideoni
Conjunction		짧으시고 jjalbeusigo
Condition		짧으시면 jjalbeusimyeon	짧으셔야 jjalbeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		짧으심 jjalbeusim	짧으시기 jjalbeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		짧으셨음 jjalbeusyeosseum	짧으셨기 jjalbeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		짧으신 jjalbeusin
	Future		짧으실 jjalbeusil

    Selected forms of the adjective 짧다 (jjalda): consonant-stem, regular

Derived terms

• 짤따랗다 (jjalttarata)
• 짧아지다 (jjalbajida, “to get shorter, become shorter”)

 

See also

• 자르다 (jareuda, “to cut (short)”)
• 작다 (jakda)