붉다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 븕다〮 (Yale: pùlk-tá). Ablaut form: 밝다 (bakda, “to be bright”).

Believed to have been derived from 불 (bul, “fire”) at some earlier stage of the language (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 180). Compare 묽다 (mukda, “watery”) < 물 (mul, “water”).

Beyond Korean, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fulgiyan, “red”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [puk̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [북따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	bukda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	bulgda
McCune–Reischauer?	pukta
Yale Romanization?	pulkta

Adjective

붉다 • (bukda) (infinitive 붉어, sequential 붉으니)

1. to be red

   붉다:  

   • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars:

     아마도, 오랫동안 칠이 되지 않은 붉은 벽돌의 표면은 여기저기 조금 더 박편이 떨어져 나갔을 것이다.

     Amado, oraetdong'an chir-i doe-ji aneun bulgeun byeokdor-ui pyomyeon-eun yeogijeogi jogeum deo bakpyeon-i tteoreojeo nagasseul geos-ida.

     Perhaps the surface of the red brick, long unpainted, had scaled off a little more here and there.

Conjugation

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	붉다 bukda	붉어 bulgeo	붉어요 bulgeoyo	붉습니다 bukseumnida
	Past	붉었다 bulgeotda	붉었어 bulgeosseo	붉었어요 bulgeosseoyo	붉었습니다 bulgeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	붉으냐 bulgeunya	붉어 bulgeo	붉어요 bulgeoyo	붉습니까 bukseumnikka
	Past	붉었냐 bulgeonnya	붉었어 bulgeosseo	붉었어요 bulgeosseoyo	붉었습니까 bulgeotseumnikka
Assertive		붉겠다 bulgetda	붉겠어 bulgesseo	붉겠어요 bulgesseoyo	붉겠습니다 bulgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		붉어 bulgeo	붉어서 bulgeoseo	붉으니 bulgeuni	붉으니까 bulgeunikka
Contrast		붉지만 bukjiman	붉은데 bulgeunde	붉더니 bukdeoni
Conjunction		붉고 bulgo
Condition		붉으면 bulgeumyeon	붉어야 bulgeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		붉음 bulgeum	붉기 bulgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		붉었음 bulgeosseum	붉었기 bulgeotgi
Determiners	Present		붉은 bulgeun
	Future		붉을 bulgeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	붉으시다 bulgeusida	붉으셔 bulgeusyeo	붉으세요, 붉으셔요 bulgeuseyo, bulgeusyeoyo	붉으십니다 bulgeusimnida
	Past	붉으셨다 bulgeusyeotda	붉으셨어 bulgeusyeosseo	붉으셨어요 bulgeusyeosseoyo	붉으셨습니다 bulgeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	붉으시냐 bulgeusinya	붉으셔 bulgeusyeo	붉으세요, 붉으셔요 bulgeuseyo, bulgeusyeoyo	붉으십니까 bulgeusimnikka
	Past	붉으셨냐 bulgeusyeonnya	붉으셨어 bulgeusyeosseo	붉으셨어요 bulgeusyeosseoyo	붉으셨습니까 bulgeusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		붉으시겠다 bulgeusigetda	붉으시겠어 bulgeusigesseo	붉으시겠어요 bulgeusigesseoyo	붉으시겠습니다 bulgeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		붉으셔 bulgeusyeo	붉으셔서 bulgeusyeoseo	붉으시니 bulgeusini	붉으시니까 bulgeusinikka
Contrast		붉으시지만 bulgeusijiman	붉으신데 bulgeusinde	붉으시더니 bulgeusideoni
Conjunction		붉으시고 bulgeusigo
Condition		붉으시면 bulgeusimyeon	붉으셔야 bulgeusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		붉으심 bulgeusim	붉으시기 bulgeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		붉으셨음 bulgeusyeosseum	붉으셨기 bulgeusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		붉으신 bulgeusin
	Future		붉으실 bulgeusil

    Selected forms of the adjective 붉다 (bukda): consonant-stem, regular

Derived terms

• 검붉다 (geombukda, “to be dark red”)
• 붉은색 (bulgeunsaek)
• 붉히다 (bulkida, “to blush”)

Related terms

• 벌겋다 (beolgeota)
• 빨갛다 (ppalgata)
• 적색 (jeoksaek)