계시다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 겨〯시다〮 (Yale: kyĕsìtá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈkje̞(ː)ɕʰida̠] ~ [ˈke̞(ː)ɕʰida̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)시다/게(ː)시다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gyesida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gyesida
McCune–Reischauer?	kyesida
Yale Romanization?	kyēysita

Verb

계시다 • (gyesida) (infinitive 계셔 or 계시어, sequential 계시니)

1. (honorific) honorific of 있다 (itda); to stay

   안녕히 계세요.

   annyeonghi gyeseyo.

   Goodbye. (as said by the person leaving to the person staying)

Conjugation

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	계신다 gyesinda	계셔 gyesyeo	계세요, 계셔요 gyeseyo, gyesyeoyo	계십니다 gyesimnida
	Past	계셨다 gyesyeotda	계셨어 gyesyeosseo	계셨어요 gyesyeosseoyo	계셨습니다 gyesyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	계시느냐 gyesineunya	계셔 gyesyeo	계세요, 계셔요 gyeseyo, gyesyeoyo	계십니까 gyesimnikka
	Past	계셨느냐 gyesyeonneunya	계셨어 gyesyeosseo	계셨어요 gyesyeosseoyo	계셨습니까 gyesyeotseumnikka
Imperative				계세요, 계셔요 gyeseyo, gyesyeoyo	계십시오 gyesipsio
Assertive		계시겠다 gyesigetda	계시겠어 gyesigesseo	계시겠어요 gyesigesseoyo	계시겠습니다 gyesigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		계셔 gyesyeo	계셔서 gyesyeoseo	계시니 gyesini	계시니까 gyesinikka
Contrast		계시지만 gyesijiman	계시는데 gyesineunde	계시더니 gyesideoni
Conjunction		계시고 gyesigo
Condition		계시면 gyesimyeon	계셔야 gyesyeoya
Motive		계시려고 gyesiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		계심 gyesim	계시기 gyesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		계셨음 gyesyeosseum	계셨기 gyesyeotgi
Determiners	Past	계신 gyesin
	Present	계시는 gyesineun
	Future	계실 gyesil

    Selected forms of the verb 계시다 (gyesida): vowel-stem, 시(si)-irregular

This verb is in honorific form.