黍
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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黍 (Kangxi radical 202, 黍+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人水 (HDOE), four-corner 20132, composition ⿳禾人氺)
Historical forms of the character 黍 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
A cereal 禾 with water 水 or kernels under it. The water may simbolize the wine made from millet or the fact that millet sticky and water-resistant; otherwise, given that millet is a resistant plant that can grow on dry ground, the "water" component remains unexplained.
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *nhaʔ, comparing it to Tibetan ནས་ (nas, “barley”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nas (“highland barley”).
However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct Old Chinese *s-tʰaʔ based on aspirated affricate reflexes in certain Mandarin dialects, e.g. Hefei tʂʰu³, Yangzhou tsʰu³, as well as sound gloss evidence from Shuowen. This would make the comparison to Tibetan less plausible.
Rime | |
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Character | 黍 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 舒吕切 |
Baxter | syoX |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɕɨʌX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɕiɔX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɕiɔX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɕɨə̆X/ |
Li Rong |
/ɕiɔX/ |
Wang Li |
/ɕĭoX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɕi̯woX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shǔ |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
syu2 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 黍 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shǔ |
Middle Chinese |
‹ syoX › |
Old Chinese |
/*s-tʰaʔ/ |
English | Panicum miliaceum, glutinous |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
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Character | 黍 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 11800 |
Phonetic component |
黍 |
Rime group |
魚 |
Rime subdivision |
0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
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Old Chinese |
/*hljaʔ/ |
黍
/kimi/ → /kibi/
Shift from earlier kimi.[1][2]
First cited to a text from 1241.[1]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キビ.
⟨ki1mi1⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/
From Old Japanese.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.[1]
From Proto-Japonic *kimi.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.[1]
黍 (ki₁mi₁) (kana きみ)
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