鰯

鰯 U+9C2F, 鰯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C2F ← 鰮 [U+9C2E] CJK Unified Ideographs 鰰 → [U+9C30]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

鰯 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 弓火弓一一 (NFNMM), composition ⿰魚弱)

1. sardine

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1476, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46413
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4708, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9C2F

Chinese

trad.		鰯
simp.		𱈍

Glyph origin

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi, “sardine”). A Japanese kokuji coined phono-semanically (弱し yowashi) in the Nara period.

Etymology

Spelling pronunciation, as 弱 (ruò)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruò (ruo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
    • Wade–Giles: jo⁴
    • Yale: rwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
    • Palladius: жо (žo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: joek⁶
    • Yale: yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚²/

Definitions

鰯

1. pilchard (esp. Japanese pilchard, Sardinops melanostictus), sardine.

References

• (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 3), page 247

Japanese

Glyph origin

A 国字 (kokuji, “Japanese-coined character”).

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 鰯

鰯

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. sardine

Readings

• Kun: いわし (iwashi, 鰯)

Alternative forms

• 鰮, 鰛

Etymology

鰯 (iwashi): a plichard

 イワシ on Japanese Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
鰯
いわし Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
鰮 鰛

From Old Japanese.^[1] Attested in a mokkan dated around 756.^[1]

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yowashi, “weak”, modern 弱い (yowai)), from the way that the fish quickly dies.^[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,^[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.^[2]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いわし [ìwáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1][3][4][5]
• IPA^(key): [iβ̞a̠ɕi]

Noun

鰯(いわし) or 鰯(イワシ) • (iwashi) 

1. [from 756] a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8:

     鰯 楊氏漢語抄云鰯〈伊和之 今案本文未詳〉

     Pilchard: [Part of the] Willow Family. 鰯 is [also] in the Kangoshō. ([read] iwasi; currently, records of its origin are unknown)

2. [unknown] Japanese sardine
3. [from 1747] an uncut sword
4. [from c. 1310] on the night of the Setsubun, a pilchard is placed at the entrance along with a 柊 (hīragi, “Osmanthus heterophyllus”) to ward off evil spirits
5. [from 1892] (slang, used by criminals) a prison guard

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イワシ.

Derived terms

• 鰯(イワシ)鯨(クジラ) (iwashikujira)
• 鰯(いわし)雲(ぐも) (iwashigumo)

Descendants

• Russian: иваси́ f (ivasí)

References

1. “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
2. “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鰯 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami Ōshima

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔiwaɕi]

Noun

鰯(イワシ) (iwasi) 

1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)

References

• Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko (1977) 奄美方言分類辞典上巻, Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 857
• Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko, Fujii, Misako (1980) 奄美方言分類辞典下巻, Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 655

Old Japanese

Etymology

Seemingly connected to 弱し (yo₁wasi, “weak”), from the way that the fish quickly dies.^[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,^[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.^[2]

Noun

鰯 (iwasi) (kana いわし)

1. a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanostictus))
   • Mokkan #2283 from Heijo Palace; text here

     青郷御贄伊和志腊五升

     AWOSATO₁ NO₂ MI₁-NIPE₂ NO₂ iwasi NO₂ KI₁TAPI₁ PA ITU-MASU

     The dried meat of a pilchard offered from Awosato [weighs] five masu.

References

1. “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
2. “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here