輝く

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
輝
かがや Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
耀く 赫く 燦く (rare)

Originally kakayaku.^[1][2][3] Samuel Martin suggests the initial kaka- element is a mimetic word.^[3] The -yaku element may be the verb-forming suffix やく (-yaku). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かがやく [kàgáyáꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])^[4]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠ja̠kɯ̟]

Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	輝く	かがやく	[kàgáyáꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形)	輝け	かがやけ	[kàgáyáꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive	輝かれる	かがやかれる	[kàgáyákáréꜜrù]
Causative	輝かせる	かがやかせる	[kàgáyákáséꜜrù]
Potential	輝ける	かがやける	[kàgáyákéꜜrù]
Volitional	輝こう	かがやこー	[kàgáyákóꜜò]
Negative	輝かない	かがやかない	[kàgáyákáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective	輝かなかった	かがやかなかった	[kàgáyákáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal	輝きます	かがやきます	[kàgáyákímáꜜsù]
Perfective	輝いた	かがやいた	[kàgáyáꜜìtà]
Conjunctive	輝いて	かがやいて	[kàgáyáꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional	輝けば	かがやけば	[kàgáyáꜜkèbà]

• Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「輝く」

Verb

輝(かがや)く • (kagayaku) intransitive godan (stem 輝(かがや)き (kagayaki), past 輝(かがや)いた (kagayaita))

1. to shine dazzlingly
2. to be crowned with glory, to sparkle

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	輝か	かがやか	kagayaka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	輝き	かがやき	kagayaki
Shūshikei ("terminal")	輝く	かがやく	kagayaku
Rentaikei ("attributive")	輝く	かがやく	kagayaku
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	輝け	かがやけ	kagayake
Meireikei ("imperative")	輝け	かがやけ	kagayake
Key constructions
Passive	輝かれる	かがやかれる	kagayakareru
Causative	輝かせる 輝かす	かがやかせる かがやかす	kagayakaseru kagayakasu
Potential	輝ける	かがやける	kagayakeru
Volitional	輝こう	かがやこう	kagayakō
Negative	輝かない	かがやかない	kagayakanai
Negative continuative	輝かず	かがやかず	kagayakazu
Formal	輝きます	かがやきます	kagayakimasu
Perfective	輝いた	かがやいた	kagayaita
Conjunctive	輝いて	かがやいて	kagayaite
Hypothetical conditional	輝けば	かがやけば	kagayakeba

Conjugation of "輝く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Synonyms

• 光(ひか)る (hikaru)

Derived terms

• 輝(かがや)かしい (kagayakashii)
• 輝(かがや)かす (kagayakasu)
• 光(ひか)り輝(かがや)く (hikarikagayaku)

References

1. “輝・耀”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
2. “輝く”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
3. Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 701
4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN